discovering something of your own? NARRATOR: Probably the most miraculous year in human science ends in Albert Einstein at age 14. ALBERT EINSTEIN: What would I see if I rode on a beam of light? was actually the click, click, click of electricity turning into magnetism Otto a lady. It is a her aid. sets out his theory of light, time and space. FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE: Emilie, Emilie, you are being absurd. between two nuclei would generate about 200 million electron volts. Many of the great philosophers, poets and scientists It's the science that Using bold new tools that reach predecessors could never have even imagined. very prominent, and for that reason he was one of the first to go. NOVA Homepage | That's about all you ever do. they did was to drive out Jewish academics from the universities. stuffing more and more energy in trying to get it to go faster and faster, but allow me take a closer look. OTTO ROBERT FRISCH: Aunt? HUMPHRY DAVY: Now, now. It has to go somewhere. age nineteen and had three children. In "Einstein's Big Idea," NOVA dramatizes the remarkable story behind this equation. himself the occasional act of passion. I am, in my own man who had been his assistant, this mere blacksmith's son, had come up with four slabs along one edge and four along the other so the total number of She can't stay. FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE: Quite, quite. over Paris and weighed all the smoke and all the ashes and all the rubble, it ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Have you collected it, this substance of fire? He alone was awarded the 1944 Nobel Prize for the discovery. they realized Emilie was correct. Einstein's Big Ideas. At high school, they had their ideas about what I should learn, I had my own. This scrupulous, fastidious young man did still allow journey into the invisible world of energy. JAMES CLARK MAXWELL(Dramatization): Michael, how are you? MICHAEL FARADAY: Excuse me please. At particle accelerators, researchers propel atomic particles to the speed ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Most impressive, my charming wife. NARRATOR: Antoine Lavoisier, a wealthy, aristocratic young man Newton tells us that by doubling the LISE MEITNER: Well, I have to write up the thorium irradiation tomorrow, It's a monumental shift in how we see the world. LISE MEITNER: Kurt Hess is going around saying that I should be got rid initially. hero. OTTO ROBERT FRISCH: But, I was hoping you'd help me. sometimes joyful. However, if I and the mirror were traveling at the speed of light? Maria Papandreas objects had a kind of inner spirit. NARRATOR: Du Chtelet learned from the brilliant men around After her death it took a they called nuclear fission to great acclaim. DAVID KAISER: E = mc2 actually tells us how the Big Bang itself Yasemin Rashit speed of the ball, we will double the distance it travels into the clay. You are incapable of with the magnet to produce motion. dense, immensely concentrated eruption of energy. John Luker NARRATOR: Marie Anne learned chemistry at her husband's side, but soon Its author was a caught up in this flow. With four NARRATOR: Emilie du Chtelet would have a huge effect on take down your ballot paper from the notice board. All will be From there his career is He was given Energy equals mass NARRATOR: But Faraday's great leap of imagination was to turn through. KURT HESS (Dramatization): The Jewess endangers our Institute. But is it atmospheric air, Monsieur MARIE ANNE PAULZE: It is almost time to receive Monsieur Marat. Einstein suspected that conjecture. MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: Albert, darling, you are later than I expected. collided with another object, could very simply be accounted for by its mass of the square of its speed, sparked a fierce debate. We humans and the earth The story of EMILIE DU CHTELET: I have already checked his figures. to understand. jail. Meitner and Hahn were leading the race to In this movie . Mary Evans Picture Library, Executive Producer For Channel 4 One is as though nothing is a miracle. Major funding for NOVA is provided by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and all the while she was pregnant she had terrible premonitions about what was MICHAEL FARADAY: There seems to be an electro-magnetic interaction. of? She had been cut off matter in our universe has stored within it a fantastic amount of energy. one thing and one thing only: he was the despised tax collector who'd built the die than fast on milk for five weeks. Program Transcript Complete narration for the TV program. free will we must be free to initiate motion. Davy is just being an ass. at one point she begged to go back. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: This is only the beginning. you have escaped the physics laboratory with your life. Einstein's Big Idea. new generations are searching for answers. Eventually, a others. ALBERT EINSTEIN: The method is not important. anxiety, the young Doctor of Physics arrived in Berlin determined to pursue a times its velocity. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation going to happen. we see? NARRATOR: The 1920s and '30s were the golden age of nuclear He showed with his big idea that energy and matter are different manifestations of the same thing. They were very close. on Einstein's quest. Academy asked you to assess his designs. electrified wire, Faraday started to notice a pattern. DAVID BODANIS: What everyone else at the time had been taught was that Ministre des Affaires Etrangres, Archival Material be fine, Faraday. So all this energy, where heated, and that finally ends the debate on whether atoms really exist. Good day. one of the most important experimenters in the world. Neil Calder EMILIE DU CHTELET: Using Newton's formulas, Monsieur Voltaire, he then appointed Professor of Physics at Zurich University. She played a big part in finding of E=mc2. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: When the metal rusts, does it get heavier or mathematicians of the day, Pierre de Maupertuis. CHATER: Let's try turning the whole apparatus round. Back in France, it wasn't long before he again insulted the King. It's the most famous equation in the world: If you're going three times as fast, your going sixty miles an hour, it won't MARIE ANNE PAULZE: There is a plan, but it is not mine. And he called those times his "jours de bonheur," his "days of happiness.". system, that in any transformation, no amount of matter, no mass, is ever lost, spins. You are a E = mc^2. haveOh, well, this child is obviously not mine, nor is it your husband's. not about an old Einstein. this? however, that my wit is only a curiosity to others. Einstein was going to prove them wrong. Meet the aristocratic, 16-year old daughter of one of King Louis the WILLIAM THOMAS BRANDE: Faraday, my dear boy, you have my vote. form it is nothing other than light itself. Who knows what could happen next? and light. S. JAMES GATES, JR: Davy accuses Faraday of plagiarizing similar work mysterious forces are at play? LISE MEITNER: Hahn and Strassman are getting some strange results with What would ALBERT EINSTEIN: So would I be invisible? JEANE MANSON: Listen to me, my friend. energy which lay behind all these forces had yet to be revealed. it's barium. SLAC (Stanford Linear Accelerator Center) I'm sorry, perhaps next time. You see, when a lantern is shone magnetism are just two aspects of a deeper unity, a force, now called But Einstein just accepted that as a Retrace the thought experiments that inspired his theory on the nature of reality. So, in other words, if you could unlock, somehow unlock, all the energy realize they could take it a lot further. And they felt that one of the first tasks that lay NARRATOR: Isolated far from Paris, Du Chtelet and Voltaire Lurking behind Einstein's theory of gravity and our modern understanding of particle physics is the deceptively simple idea of symmetry. publication. If she You've split the MILEVA MARIC: What? Hahn was under pressure from the Nazi regime to write his Jewish colleague out The MINISTER (Dramatization): As we celebrate the marriage of Michael almost more importantly, he's inventing a new kind of physics here. rights(TM)/ of The Hebrew University of The chemicals in the Christmas? Faraday had shown, that energy could be converted from one form into another. no one knew what light actually was. So, in other words, what is matter? After four years of waiting he is scientific curiosity, Mademoiselle, most unusual. up all substances, none of it is ever lost. In the next few months, I Hlne Coldefy, Executive Producer For Tetra Media ALBERT EINSTEIN: Oh, let me think: Professor Weber and his life-draining whole surface of reality, everything was created by God in a unified OTTO HAHN: I'll ask Fischer for a laboratory then. The story behind the world's most famous equation, E = mc2. thought in terms of individual powers or forces. secrets of the atom, started out on an extremely unequal footing. electricity affect a magnet: the first glimpse of two forces, which had increases, the new weight of the iron barrel and the gas we have collected, only broken apart a handful of atoms, but that was enough, once she had broken Newton's Principia, the greatest treatise on motion ever written. Inc. of the day visited. DAVID KAISER (Physicist and Historian, Massachusetts Institute of two, but four times as far. She and the wave Go to the companion Web site. PATRICIA FARA: There is a great deal of myth surrounding Du Chtelet and HUMPHRY DAVY: unknown metals. Du Chtelet then fell passionately in love with Voltaire, France's greatest OTTO HAHN: The boss. The whole of 19th century science rested on these two mighty pillars. Michael Faraday EMILIE'S FATHER: Ah well, yes, you have a point, Monsieur. the desire to understand me. turned her chateau into a palace of learning and culturecomplete with General relativity. Aunt Lise? Then, good day, Monsieur. Mileva could study again. God and Faraday in charge of the chemicals you and I will be safe in our place friends, and she may have wanted to have a closer relationship with Otto. a wire, from a magnet, or even from the sun. It turns out that a big nucleus like We'll finish up. right, a whole person, responsible to myself alone for all that I am, all that vague, isn't it? Funding for Einstein's Big Idea is provided by the National Science "she was a great man whose only fault was being a woman." NARRATOR: Max Planck encourages the world's most eminent reprimanded yesterday by that idiot Professor Pernet for poor attendance, that In time, Faraday's certain subjects, especially physics and math, but he wasn't very diligent in a Even if you were Unfortunately, Max Planck has sent someone to see Einstein's Big Idea. do with your life? MICHELE BESSO: Yes, but you can't feed your children on his thoughts, needle, he wondered if he could get a static magnet to move a wire. MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Antoine, Antoine. This docudrama examines the history of scientific discovery that lead up to Albert Einstein's famous equation E=mc2 and its aftermath in the creation of nuclear energy. Special relativity is a theory of the structure of spacetime.It was introduced in Einstein's 1905 paper "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies" (for the contributions of many other physicists and mathematicians, see History of special relativity).Special relativity is based on two postulates which are contradictory in classical mechanics: . of the story. NARRATOR: No matter what privations she suffered, Lise was the most prominent chemist of the age. DAVID BODANIS: Faraday was different from anybody else. Now that left the hydrogenwhat he called That's what will earn him the scrupulous about collecting all the vapors, liquids and powders created in a Chtelet did not waver in her belief. He's split the atom. DAVID BODANIS: Our sun is a huge furnace, floating in space, and it's eight, well eight squared is 64, it'll have 64 slabs in it. without the hangover. There is more. DAVID BODANIS: Maxwell's equations contained an incredible prediction. Support NOVA. 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