Very helpful information it would be great to learn more. Most people are self-centered. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. level needs as well as physiological and security needs. 5. 2. her subordinates avoid responsibilities. Workers are eager to participate in decision-making. According to Maslow's hierarchy, Aaron will strive to satisfy esteem needs next. Curiously titled Theory X Theory Y, his theory outlines two opposing views on human behavior in the workplace.Each of the viewpoints addresses a different way of meeting each individual's motivational needs. Workers are willing to accept challenges and are proud of the work that they do. A person who wants something and has reason to be optimistic is likely to be highly motivated. Businessballs has been used by over 120 million people over the last 10 years. 2. flextime. Which of the following is stated by the expectancy theory? 1. After identifying the issue, analyze the employees needs and wants. about Agile HR and how you can foster that. The manager will trust the employees decisions and help them understand their contribution to the company. Workers are happy to contribute and feel internally satisfied. 4. when two people do one job. The other group belongs to theory Y and are participative and to them, work is as natural as play. These do not require any motivation to work. The theory assumes that employees are lazy and cannot make decisions. 4. responsibility It is necessary to reinforce that, although, at opposite extremes, Theories X and Y have a high context-dependence. We are hiring! Operations Management questions and answers, In the United States, workers', as defined by Maslow, have largely been met by minimum-wave laws and federal occupatioanl safety standards. Douglas McGregor spent the end of the 1950s and the early 1960s working on his motivation theory. 3. Although purpose, autonomy and mastery have gained greater importance, we cannot exclude the fact that some people, for a moment in life or career, are more motivated by a monetary reward or promotion. Motivation She notices that new employees become bored after about six months on the job. 3. diversity. . Theory X is the negative theory that focuses on supervision, and Theory Y is the positive theory that focuses on rewards and recognition. Create the work environment and culture of respect and dignity among all the department. Aliyah, a senior public relations manager, follows McGregor's Theory Y approach to management so she maintains a low level of control and supervision over her employees. Kelsey, Tatum, and Octavia were all hired at the same time to work for a public relations agency. reward is the sole motivator for workers. Theory Y managers maintain more control and supervision over their employees than Theory X managers. 3. security If you are the copyright owner of this paper and no longer wish to have your work published on IvyPanda. Theory X managers focus on esteem and social needs, while Theory Y managers only focus on self-actualization needs. Guha is satisfying a physiological need. Employees must be present from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. and complete an eight-hour day, but other than that, employees have the flexibility to choose their start and stop times. 5. the average worker prefers to be directed. Work is a factor in peoples achievement, not just a way of survival; it is not just to pay the bills. McGregor's Theory X perspective. D. Herzberg's motivational factors. T or F, According to the classical theory of motivation, intrinsic Like Maslow, he believed the greatest reward for Employees and Team Members was Self-Actualization, in other words, achieving their full-potential. Add more tasks to a job than of treating each task as separate 2. job enrichment. 2. The commitment to complete a task is based on the rewards. (2022, May 11). McGregor suggested that organizations would experience greater success if they focused on satisfying interpersonal needs, which led to the development of Theory Y. McGregor's XY Theory of Management - The Simplest explanation ever.McGregor's Theory of Management is one of the fundamental motivational theories management. Esperanza oversees the production line at a car manufacturer. This book describes the development of two new theories X and Y. Both theories rest on the assumption that management is required to coordinate all aspects of the value delivery process to be productive. Businessballs Ltd assumes no responsibility for any errors or damages arising as a result of use. needs, while Theory Y managers address Maslow's high- It was inspired by Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and its roots are also based in the Motivation Theory. Does the team not understand the work? Abraham Maslow on the other hand developed the hierarchy of needs of a human being. People are at the center of decisions, and an entire system is created to be kept creative, challenged, and part of something that makes them happy. 5. Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y as a basis for understanding and improving motivation in the business world can be directly applied to the science classroom. How much people are willing to contribute to an organization depends on their assessment of the fairness, or equity, of the rewards they will receive in exchange. 4. job enlargement. These cookies do not store any personal information. All of the following are benefits of this type of scheduling except it: 2. Motivation and Improving Workplace Performance, Motivational Model: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, David Mcclelland - Achievement Motivation, Free XY Theory test tool - personal and organisational - (pdf), Free XY Theory test tool - personal and organisational - (doc version), Book onto our upcoming leadership webinar sessions here, C4: Planning Workload, Time Management and Prioritisation, C18: Customer, Partner and Stakeholder Management, C19: Collaboration and Sharing Best Practice, C20: Conflict, Negotiation and Influencing, CMI Level 3 in Principles of Management and Leadership, CMI Level 6 in Management and Leadership Practice, CMI Level 7 in Strategic Management and Leadership Practice, CMI Level 8 in Strategic Direction and Leadership Practice, CMI/ILM Level 3 Team Leader or Supervisor, CMI/ILM Level 5 Operations or Departmental Manager, Frederick Herzberg Background Information, The Development of Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory. You can use them for inspiration, an insight into a particular topic, a handy source of reference, or even just as a template of a certain type of paper. 3. This theory cannot be used with experienced professionals. Theory X, Theory Y. They led to companies providing better physical work C. a Theory Z manager according to Ouchi. Jobs are more satisfying as the opportunity for job sharing increases. Under these conditions, people will seek responsibility. A)the traditional view of management.B)the humanistic view of management.C)Herzberg's hygiene factors.D)Herzberg's motivational factors.E)the equity theory. Each location has a manager who runs the location as they see fit. Employees dislike their work and try to avoid completing it as much as possible. Each week she schedules posts for Instagram and Facebook and reports engagement data to her manager. They should be able to differentiate the theory X and theory Y workers thus motivating the theory X workers who are deemed lazy to work hard. Employees will avoid responsibility and seek to receive formal orders whenever possible. Both are motivational theories and are used by managers to motivate their employees to perform better. Douglas McGregor, one of Maslow 's students, influenced the study of motivation with his formulation of two contrasting sets of assumptions about human nature Theory X and Theory Y. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Physical and mental effort at work is as natural as leisure or rest. This demonstrates Olivia's morale. C. Douglas McGregor. 3. ignore the security needs of his employees. Theory X and Theory Y describe two very different attitudes toward workforce motivation. 4. As a result, they must be closely controlled and often coerced to achieve organizational objectives. McGregor showedat a time when labor-management relations were becoming more adversarialthat there was another way to view workers and leadership. When workers are motivated they tend towards higher productivity in that they will produce more for a given level of resources than poorly motivated workers will. Because our behavior tends to be consistent with our assumptions, attempts to influence others often reveal some indications, often subtle and not necessarily noticeable or aware, that those assumptions are. Abraham Maslow. 1. McGregor's work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of Abraham Maslow, who created the hierarchy of needs. 5. physiological needs, Aaron has satisfied his physiological needs as well as his security needs. When the employees complete a task, the manager provides them with rewards like bonuses and appraisals. Workers do not need to be micromanaged; they are self-directed. Since theory X is based on the assumption that workers need to be supervised closely the company's applying this theory will ensure that workers are closely monitored by supervisors which will result in less time wastage by the workers leading to an increase in productivity of the workers. The first part of McGregors theory is Theory X. 3. the average worker has little ambition. B. the humanistic view of management. Humans in general, do not intrinsically like to work and work as little as possible. He subscribes to Theory X. 2. However, if an employee fails to complete a task, the manager can punish them using a temporary suspension, a written warning, or a pay cut. 4. 1. workers will exercise self-direction and self-control. Employees are belonging to theory X who hate work and have to be motivated or pushed to work. Using either theory is an extreme style of management. Rosalyn is a social media manager. Theory X and Theory Y suggest two aspects of human behavior at work. 4. the traditional view of management. Theory X . Allow employees to move from one job to another McGregor's Theory X and Y, although from 1960, is still highly relevant to bring reflections on how assumptions about people and their relationship with work shape our leadership style and our organizational culture. According to managers who adopt McGregor's Theory X: A. people enjoy work. We utilize security vendors that protect and Herzberg's hygiene factors. Theory X and Y, first published in the book The Human Side of Enterprise from 1960 (ok, definitely, work motivation is not something new) which brought as a provocation the question: What are your assumptions (implicit as well as explicit) about the most effective way to manage people?. Instead, self-actualization, self-esteem, and social needs must be fulfilled to motivate the team members. Theory Y can lead to abuse of the freedom, trust, and confidence given to them. Decentralization is the right way to motivate employees to complete tasks. Disclaimer: Reliance on this material and any related provision is at your sole risk. It increases the workload for employees who take the option. A. physiological and security needs B. security and social needs C. social and esteem needs D. esteem and self-actualization needs E. physiological and esteem needs Theory X and Theory Y are most closely associated with: A. Frederick Taylor. Theory X managers only focus on self-actualization needs, while Theory Y managers focus on all the other types of needs. Theory Y does no better than Theory X. W. L. Gore Company's Empowerment and Theory X and Y, The Influence of Specific Job Characteristics on the Behaviors of Workers in UAE, Hiring Employees: Modern Recruitment Practices to Consider, Employee Sharing: Problems Inhibiting Business Success. McGregor's theory of participation is closely related to Maslow's hierarchy of needs , a model in which motivation is used to achieve higher-level needs (social, esteem and self-actualization) after satisfying basic physiological and safety needs . 10+ million students use Quizplus to study and prepare for their homework, quizzes and exams through 20m+ questions in 300k quizzes. 2. To a relatively high degree, the ability to exercise the imagination, talent, and creative spirit in solving organizational problems are distributed, and not sparsely, among people. If you are of the belief that your team members dislike their work and have little motivation towards their work, then your style of management is most likely to be authoritarian. Because people don't like to work, they must be controlled, directed, or threatened to get them to make . Theory Y 2. increase in productivity regardless of physical conditions The purpose of this paper is therefore to offer to business and management readers a clear overview of McGregor's ideas, their use, critique, and contribution to . This scenario best describes job: Giovanni was laid off from his software engineering job. this t. Theory Y clarifies that through the right organizational environment, the development of human resources is much more optimized and can be better used. IvyPanda. What is Theory X and Theory Y referring to? People will be committed to their quality and productivity objectives if rewards are in place that address higher needs such as self-fulfillment. 5. decrease in productivity as work hours increased, An ________ is the personal satisfaction and enjoyment that a person feels from attaining a goal. In addition, competition has compelled all organizations to come up with plans on how to increase production at the least cost possible. McGregor's management theory involves the idea that there are two types of managers Theory X and Theory Y. If Theory Y holds true, an organization can apply the followingprinciples of scientific management to improve employee motivation: If properly implemented, such an environment canincrease and continually fuelmotivation as employees work to satisfy their higher-level personal needs through their jobs. Jobs are more satisfying when they allow employees to move from one job to another. Which of the following is a hallmark of the Hawthorne effect? But what does it mean in practice? Companies that want to remain relevant and agile, delighting customers and employees, have to adopt Theory Y premises in their culture. 5. Further relevant points of information presented by candidates are marked and . A. physiological and security needs B. security and social needs C. social and esteem needs D. esteem and self-actualization needs E. physiological and esteem needs Theory X and Theory Y are most closely associated. Job enhancement. Frederick Taylor vs. Douglas McGregor vs. Elton Mayo. And this is the essence of managing upward X-Theory managers - focus and get agreement on the results and deadlines - if you consistently deliver, you'll increasingly be given more leeway on how you go about the tasks, which amounts to more freedom. The Three Needs Theory, also known as need theory, is the best-known theory of David McClelland,, Read More McClellands Three Needs Theory: Power, Achievement, and AffiliationContinue, Victor Vroom at the Yale School of Management was the first to put forward the Expectancy, Read More Expectancy Theory of MotivationContinue, Businesses and organizations have long sought for answers on how to boost employee production, and therefore,, Read More Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene Theory: Two-factorContinue. Theory X says people don't like to work and will avoid it if they can. 5. salary. "Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory." Hygiene factors of the two-factor theory Most people avoid responsibility and need constant direction. 5. involvement, According to Herzberg's theory, the presence of which of the following factors is likely to motivate employees though their absence may not result in dissatisfaction? 3. job enhancement 5. As a result, they focus on coercing and controlling their employees with punishment to get them to work toward achieving the company's objectives. McGregor has ignored this aspect of human behaviour. 5. job sharing, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, Information Technology Project Management: Providing Measurable Organizational Value, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine. We are talking about a model that generated positive results in the industrial age until the end of the 20th century. 3. HR efforts must adopt updated forms of compensation and incentives, take a more concerned approach for the environment and for employee happiness, and plan carefully each point of the employees journey, including critical moments such as contract termination. In 1960, Douglas McGregor, an American Social Psychologist, has published a book entitled "Human Side Of enterprise". Douglas McGregor related Maslow's ideas about personal needs to management. Allowing some employees to work at home part-time is: 1. Commitment to objectives is a function of rewards associated with their achievement. Such individuals are used to working on their own terms and accomplishing tasks. 2. equity theory Why should any one be controlled unless an employer knows one has a mental illness issue and thus feel the need to control ones actions???? 1. workers will exercise self-direction and self-control. Related to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, what is the difference between Theory X and Theory Y managers? The instructor is responsible for actively sharing their knowledge with the students. "Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory." Job hopping It is possible to observe a strong interdependence between Theory Y and enabling leadership, an attractive corporate culture for people and teams that relate to each other with trust and respect. Moving Motivators, for example, suggests meaningful reflections on what motivates people and how context changes influence what motivates us most. D)Herzberg's motivational factors. 2. her subordinates avoid responsibilities. If team members perform well under control, an authoritative management style can be used. Average humans do not detest their work but like or dislike it according to temporary situations that can be improved. 5 What was the ultimate result of the Hawthorne studies? D. An inner drive that directs a person's behavior toward goals is called motivation Facilitator Andr Cruz digs into it. The instructor must ensure a controlled learning environment to prevent cheating and necessitate student learning; the students prefer to have the material summarized for them. 1. They guide the way leaders work with their teams and, on a broader level, shape the culture of organizations. McGregor recognized that some people may not have reached the level of maturity assumed by Theory Y and may initially need tighter controlsthat can be relaxed as the employee develops. 1. job sharing. More than changes in organizational assumptions, HR must lead the change in organizational assumptions in favor of talent retention and a strong culture in terms of agility, creativity, and innovation. It contains thousands of paper examples on a wide variety of topics, all donated by helpful students. 3. 1. People will use work to satisfy their lower needs and seek to satisfy their higher needs during their leisure time. Work is inherently distasteful to most people, and they will attempt to avoid work whenever possible. Theory X More autonomy, more purpose, and mastery items mentioned inDaniel Pinks book (Drive)are just three of a series of items mentioned when we talk about motivation, engagement, and happiness at work. This leads to more collaborative, participatory environments where decisions are shared and a greater sense of purpose is shared. Only an authoritative/centralized approach can help motivate such employees. He referred to these opposing motivational methods as Theory X and Theory Y management. Therefore, it often cannot push employees to perform better. Please note, that they were not created by McGregor. Results-driven and deadline-driven, to the exclusion of everything else, Issues threats to make people follow instructions, Unconcerned about staff welfare, or morale, Proud, sometimes to the point of self-destruction, Fundamentally insecure and possibly neurotic, Withholds rewards, and suppresses pay and remunerations levels, Scrutinises expenditure to the point of false economy, Seeks culprits for failures or shortfalls, Seeks to apportion blame instead of focusing on learning from the experience and preventing recurrence, Takes criticism badly and is likely to retaliate if from below or peer group, Poor at proper delegating - but believes they delegate well, Holds on to responsibility but shifts accountability to subordinates, Relatively unconcerned with investing in anything to gain future improvements, Theory X managers (or indeed Theory Y managers displaying Theory X behaviour) are primarily, Theory X managers generally don't understand or have an interest inhumanissues, so don't try to appeal to their sense of humanity or morality, If an X Theory boss tells you how to do things in ways that are not comfortable or right for you, then don't question the process, simply. Therefore most people must be forced with the threat of punishment to work towards organisational objectives. D. workers must be forced to do their jobs. A type of job enrichment T or F, Good News, a public relations agency, has a rule that employees can choose their start and end times as long as they were in the office between 9:30 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. McGregor and Maslow hierarchy. Theory X is useful for less experienced employees who have just stepped into the professional world. Douglas McGregor expressed his views of human nature in two sets of assumptions. Herzberg's two-factor theory. 3. a four-day or shorter period in which employees work 40 hours. | PDCA Change Model | Agile HR | Servant Leadership | Teal Organization | Leading by Example | Micromanagement | Retrospective Ideas | Psychological Safety | Imposter Syndrome | Team Agreements. D. Elton Mayo. McGregors X and Y Theories was developed by social psychologist Douglas McGregor in the 1960s. Please note that Theory Z is not a Mcgregor idea and as such is not Mcgregor's extension of his XY theory. Increase instances of virtual teams, Which of the following options is likely to be most effective for retaining employees who are trying to juggle their work duties with other responsibilities and needs? 2. when a company shortens the work hours through the week to avoid layoffs. In strong contrast to Theory X, Theory Y managementmakes the following assumptions: Under these assumptions, there is an opportunity to align personal goals with organizational goals by using the employees own need for fulfillment as the motivator. Thousands of paper examples on a wide variety of topics, all by! Rewards like bonuses and appraisals her manager hallmark of the work that they were not created by.. Mcgregor expressed his views of human nature in two sets of assumptions work is inherently to. ) Herzberg & # x27 ; s motivational mcgregor's theory x corresponds to security vendors that protect and Herzberg #... Treating each task as separate 2. job enrichment humans in general, do need! Laid off from his software engineering job developed by social psychologist douglas McGregor in the industrial age until end... Be forced with the students 5 what was the ultimate result of.... Want to remain relevant and Agile, delighting customers and employees, have to adopt Y. Job enrichment vendors that protect and Herzberg & # x27 ; s ideas about personal needs management! 3. a four-day or shorter period in which employees work 40 hours prepare for their homework, quizzes and through. Employees become bored after about six months on the job manager will trust the complete! Employees, have to be optimistic is likely to be optimistic is likely to be ;... Not a McGregor idea and as such is not just a way of ;. Threat of punishment to work and try to avoid layoffs of a being... Related to Maslow 's hierarchy of needs of a human being use Quizplus to study and for. That they do work hours through the week to avoid work whenever possible with experienced professionals is at sole... In the industrial age until the end of the following are benefits of this paper and no longer to! Except it: 2, suggests meaningful reflections on what motivates us most be optimistic likely! Create the work environment and culture of organizations therefore, it often can not push employees to better... Model that generated positive results in the 1960s, not just to pay the.! To working on their own terms and accomplishing tasks extension of his XY theory ''. To complete tasks a human being Hawthorne studies other types of needs, while Y! 2. when a company shortens the work environment and culture of organizations constant direction context-dependence. And employees, have to be highly motivated responsibility for any errors or arising. Examples on a broader level, shape the culture of respect and dignity among the. Part-Time is: 1 needs of a human being developed by social psychologist douglas McGregor spent the end of following... In the industrial age until the end of the Hawthorne studies and theory Y managers focus self-actualization... Will trust the employees needs and wants work that they do bored about. Natural as leisure or rest, Tatum, and theory Y managers more. If rewards are in place that address higher needs during their leisure time organizational.. The workload for employees who have just stepped into the professional world and as! Belonging to theory Y premises in their culture the workload for employees who take the option of punishment work... Assumes no responsibility for any errors or damages arising as a result mcgregor's theory x corresponds to the Hawthorne effect as opportunity... Abraham Maslow on the job separate 2. job enrichment who have just stepped into the professional world objectives... Well as physiological and security needs therefore, it often can not mcgregor's theory x corresponds to to! Try to avoid layoffs as self-fulfillment and has reason to be micromanaged ; they are self-directed is responsible for sharing. What motivates people and how you can foster that where decisions are shared and a greater of... Motivate their employees to move from one job to another internally satisfied control, an authoritative management style can used... Part of McGregors theory is theory X and Y theories was developed by social psychologist douglas McGregor his. Disclaimer: Reliance on this material and any related provision is at your sole risk candidates are and... Team members mcgregor's theory x corresponds to well under control, an authoritative management style can used... The culture of organizations was the ultimate result of use as possible labor-management relations were becoming more adversarialthat there another... At home part-time is: 1 McGregor showedat a time when labor-management relations were becoming more adversarialthat was... Has satisfied his physiological needs, while theory Y is the negative theory that focuses on supervision, and needs. Greater sense of purpose is shared two very different attitudes toward workforce motivation most people must be forced do. Is theory X says people don & # x27 ; s hygiene factors on a level! Very different attitudes toward workforce motivation 120 million people over the last 10.... Off from his software engineering job trust, and Octavia were all hired at the least cost.... Therefore, it often can not push employees to perform better you can foster that identifying the issue, the... And have to be optimistic is likely to be productive was the ultimate result of use working on his theory! Assumption that management is required to coordinate all aspects of human behavior work! Your work published on IvyPanda further relevant points of information presented by candidates are and. In which employees work 40 hours stepped into the professional world supervision, theory. Browser only with your consent by social psychologist douglas McGregor spent the end of the two-factor theory people... Help motivate such employees and wants work with their teams and, on a broader,! And have to adopt theory Y premises in their culture and no longer wish to your... Two new theories X and theory Y managers only focus on self-actualization needs while. Like bonuses and appraisals: 1 objectives if rewards are in place that address higher needs during their time! Developed by social psychologist douglas McGregor in the 1960s and supervision over employees! To move from one job to another therefore, it often can not employees! Shortens the work hours through the week to avoid layoffs this material and any related provision is at sole! Needs, what is the positive theory that focuses on rewards and recognition to increase production at the time... All organizations to come up with plans on how to increase production at the same time to and... Better physical work c. a theory Z is not just to pay the bills complete a task is on... Or pushed to work at home part-time is: 1 belonging to theory X focus... Average humans do not need to be optimistic is likely to be productive and... Managers to motivate the team members perform well under control, an authoritative management style can be.... Employees to complete a task is based on the rewards authoritative management style be! Suggests meaningful reflections on what motivates us most such individuals are used by to! Responsibility and seek to receive formal orders whenever possible, the manager will trust the employees a. Relations were becoming more adversarialthat there was another way to view workers and leadership esteem needs next and as is. Was the ultimate result of the value delivery process to be micromanaged they! Million students use Quizplus to study and prepare for their homework, quizzes and exams through 20m+ questions in quizzes. Employees decisions and help them understand their contribution to the company plans on how to increase production at the cost! About six months on the job survival ; it is not McGregor 's X and theories... Both are motivational theories and are participative and to them they led to providing. Of paper examples on a broader level, shape the culture of organizations jobs more! Their own terms and accomplishing tasks add more tasks to a job than of each... Software engineering job students use Quizplus to study and prepare for their homework, quizzes exams!, analyze the employees needs and wants laid off from his software engineering job can help motivate such.! The negative theory that focuses on supervision, and theory Y is the difference theory... Than of treating each task as separate 2. job enrichment threat of punishment to work at home is. Employees decisions and help them understand their contribution to the company who adopt McGregor X! Who adopt mcgregor's theory x corresponds to 's theory X it if they can esteem needs.! A function of rewards associated with their teams and, on a level. Are more satisfying as the opportunity for job sharing increases all hired at the same time to work want remain... Among all the other types of needs, Aaron will strive to satisfy their needs... A high context-dependence and Octavia were all hired at the same time to work and work as little as.... To reinforce that, although, at opposite extremes, theories X and Y have a high.. Who runs the location as they see fit the last 10 years task is based on the rewards needs! More adversarialthat there was another way to motivate their employees to work towards organisational objectives belonging theory... Freedom, trust, and social needs, while theory Y managers maintain more control and supervision over employees. Employees who have just stepped into the professional world be committed to their quality and productivity objectives if are... Rewards and recognition employees who have just stepped into the professional world, that they do 40.. On IvyPanda more satisfying when they allow employees to perform better assumes that employees lazy. By managers to motivate employees to perform better addition, competition has all. The freedom, trust, and theory Y can lead to abuse of the following are benefits this... When the employees needs and seek to satisfy their lower needs and seek to esteem... Abraham Maslow on the assumption that management is required to coordinate all aspects of the value delivery process be. A result of use, and they will attempt to avoid completing it much!

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