In April 1862,[22] the Confederacy passed the first conscription law in either Confederate or Union history, the Conscription Act,[23] which made all able bodied white men between the ages of 18 and 35 liable for a three-year term of service in the Provisional Army. But there was no official recruitment of black soldiers in the Confederate army until the very end of the war" He continued, "But Appomattox came only a few weeks later, and none of these men were ever put in uniform to fight. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. In the actual armed conflicts of the Civil War, the two sides had numerous nicknames for themselves and each other as a group and individuals, e.g., for Union troops "Federals" and for the Confederates "rebels," "rebs" or "Johnny reb" for an individual Confederate soldier. The color of the piping and kepi denoted the military branch. "Billy Yank" A Union soldier during the Civil War. By Sam Smith February 10, 2015 Updated February 23, 2022. Confederate soldiers were also faced with inadequate food rations, especially as the war progressed. David G. Smith, "Race and Retaliation: The Capture of African Americans During the Gettysburg Campaign." "Dogface" A World War II and Korean War Soldier. [1] Army was composed of independent armies and military departments that were constituted, renamed, and disbanded as needs arose, particularly in reaction to offensives launched by the United States. Throughout the war, the Confederacy raised the equivalent of 1,010 regiments in all branches, including militias, versus 2,050 regiments for the U.S. Confederate soldiers also frequently suffered from inadequate supplies of shoes, tents, and other gear, and would be forced to innovate and make do with whatever they could scrounge from the local countryside. On December 13, 1862, Kirkland's unit had formed at the stone wall at the base of "Marye's Heights" near Fredericksburg, Virginia. For example, on August 19, 1862, General Stonewall Jackson approved the court-martial sentence of execution for three soldiers for desertion, rejecting pleas for clemency from the soldiers' regimental commander. The morning of December 14 revealed that over 8,000 Union soldiers had been shot in front of the stone wall at Marye's Heights. Its Anglicized spelling Yankee could, in this way, have been used to mock Dutch colonists. Ed M. The Tennessee Confederates tried to force the Union sympathizers into the Confederate Army or into prison. Army) or lieutenant generals. Local pressures mounted as Union forces occupied more and more Confederate territory, putting more and more families at risk of hardship. "Justice Has Something to Do with It: Class Relations and the Confederate Army." As in the U.S. Army, the Confederate Army's soldiers were organized by military specialty. In the action that followed, he and his unit inflicted heavy casualties on the Union attackers. The search engine finds names alphabetically. "[94] African American slave labor was used in a wide variety of logistical support roles for the Confederacy, from infrastructure and mining, to teamster and medical roles such as hospital attendants and nurses. The truth of the story has been disputed. The precise number of Confederate soldiers from each state is unknown because many military records were destroyed when Richmond was evacuated in 1865. [132], Native Americans and the Confederate Army, African Americans and the Confederate Army, Prisoner exchanges with the United States, On February 8, 1861, delegates from the first seven, Records of the number of individuals who served in the. The army did not have a formal overall military commander, or general in chief, until late in the war. The CSRs do not constitute an exhaustive list of all men who served in the Confederate army. Confederate soldiers were also called [32], The southern churches met the shortage of Army chaplains by sending missionaries. 1 What were the nicknames for the Union and Confederate soldiers? Most of the men whose names appear in this index served with units from 15 different states or territories; others were soldiers raised directly by the Confederate government, generals and staff officers, and other enlisted men not associated with a regiment. This index also includes Confederate soldiers who later served with the Union Army. Confederate soldiers were paid $11 per month, which was two dollars less than Union soldiers. One estimate of the Confederate wounded, which is considered incomplete, is 194,026; another is 226,000. NARA describes this effort: The compilation of service records of Confederate soldiers was begun in 1903 under the direction of Brig. The Sons of Confederate Veterans posthumously awarded Kirkland their Confederate Medal of Honor, created in 1977. the American Civil War; `greyback' derived from their grey I am a 75 year old Christian White woman from Idaho, WA and CA and your comments make me feel like you need to rewrite history in order to feel good about your heritage instead of making things RIGHT. Historian Mark Weitz argues that the official count of 103,400 deserters is too low. According to his analysis, the soldiers' faith was consoling for the loss of comrades; it was a shield against fear; it helped reduce drinking and fighting in the ranks; it enlarged the soldiers' community of close friends and helped compensate for their long-term separation from home.[38][39]. Nicknames for U.S. The Confederate States of America (often called the Confederates or the Rebels) was comprised of the eleven Southern states that broke away from the Union between 1860-1861, around the start of the Civil War. Your email address will not be published. A friend who visited the gravesite years later was said to have commented that it was one of the most sequestered, unfrequented, and inaccessible spots for a grave he'd ever seen. the "CSA"), whereas the northern states that remained united under the U.S. Constitution were called collectively "the Union.". [57][58], Young Mark Twain deserted the army long before he became a famous writer and lecturer, but he often commented upon the episode comically. In contrast, about 25,000 Union soldiers died as a result of accidents, drowning, murder, killed after capture, suicide, execution for various crimes, execution by the Confederates (64), sunstroke, other and not stated. Occasionally, a single corps might operate independently as if it were a small army. Following the police killing of George Floyd and the flourishing nationwide protest movement against . Results 1-20 of 67 View Record Name Birth Date Enlistment Date Enlistment Place Rank; To get better results, add more information such as Birth Info, Death Info or Locationeven a guess will help. Jackson's goal was to maintain discipline in a volunteer army whose homes were under threat of enemy occupation. Factmonster is part of the Sandbox Learning family of educational and reference sites for parents, teachers and students. reb. Indeed, white supremacy and the right of property in slaves were at the core of the ideology for which Confederate soldiers fought. URL. [113] He noted that some Confederates brought along "their body servants, who in many cases had grown up with them" and that "on occasion some of those body servants were known to have picked up a rifle and fought. Download Texas Confederate Soldiers 1861 1865 Name Roster full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". He concludes that most of the desertions came because the soldier felt he owed a higher duty to his own family than to the Confederacy. However, no Indian regiment was to be called on to fight outside Indian Territory. Lieutenant colonels were second in command. No packages or subscriptions, pay only for the time you need. The Secretary of War has authorized me to enlist all the Indians east of the Mississippi River into the service of the Confederate States, as Scouts. called rebs and yanks. [81][83] During the Civil War, 28,693 Native Americans served in the U.S. and Confederate armies, participating in battles such as Pea Ridge, Second Manassas, Antietam, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, and in Federal assaults on Petersburg. Brigades were commanded by brigadier generals although casualties or other attrition sometimes meant that brigades would be commanded by senior colonels or even a lower grade officer. By March 1861, the Provisional Confederate Congress expanded the provisional forces and established a more permanent Confederate States Army. What was the Souths nickname in the Civil War? "[46][47], At many points during the war, and especially near the end, the Confederate armies were very poorly fed. Prominent Confederates such as R. M. T. Hunter and Georgian Democrat Howell Cobb opposed arming slaves, saying that it was "suicidal" and would run contrary to the Confederacy's ideology. What. One list provides names of Confederate soldiers who died in either Confederate or Union hospitals in Harrodsburg, Lexington, and Danville, KY. [126][127] The Republican Party's platform of the 1864 presidential election reflected this view, as it too condemned the Confederacy's discriminatory mistreatment of captured black U.S. Then figure out what the total cost of the trip would be.? September 27, 1862, the Second Conscription Act: expanded the age range to 18 to 45, February 17, 1864, the Third Conscription Act: ages 17 to 50. [92], During the siege of Yorktown, The United States Army's elite sniper unit, the 1st United States Sharpshooters, was devastatingly effective at shooting Confederate artillerymen defending the city. [108], On March 13, 1865,[22] the Confederate Congress passed General Order 14[109][110] by a single vote in the Confederate senate,[22][111] and Jefferson Davis signed the order into law. The 385,000 White Landowners who owned slaves fought to keep 3,000 millions slaves as their property because they became extremely wealthy by owning them. The weapons shall be Enfield Rifles. Historians provide estimates of the actual number of individual Confederate soldiers between 750,000 and 1,000,000 troops. answered 10/20/15. << Previous: National Park . He chose to wear the rank insignia of a colonel.) Davis was a graduate of the U.S. Military Academy, and colonel of a volunteer regiment during the MexicanAmerican War. Georgia Governor Joseph E. Brown was an extreme case of a Southern States Rights advocate asserting control over Confederate soldiers: he defied the Confederate government's wartime policies and resisted the military draft. "Doughboy" A World War I Soldier. Sandbox Learning is part of Sandbox & Co., a digital learning company. A variation of the tale says the money was later moved to a "depository" in Atlanta, Georgia. of the American Civil War-. Many of those remaining on the battlefield were still alive, but suffering terribly from their wounds and a lack of water. Uploaded by He received a moderate education during his youth, as was typical during that era. Companies were commanded by captains and had two or more lieutenants. Robert E. Lee, the most celebrated general of the Confederacy, was known to refer to opposing Union forces as simply "those people." greyback, Johnny, Johnny Reb, Reb, Rebel - `Johnny' was applied These numbers do not include sailors who served in Confederate States Navy. While I think the slavery was certainly a significant catalyst (along with tariffs & internal improvements) for the war, once started the Southern objective was simple: obtain independence in a national liberation struggle. Confederate casualty figures are as incomplete and unreliable as the figures on the number of Confederate soldiers. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? 2022 Sandbox Networks Inc. All rights reserved. greyback - Dictionary Definition "Johnny' was applied as a nickname for Confederate soldiers by the Federal soldiers in the American Civil War; `greyback' derived from their grey Confederate uniforms" "As nouns the difference between confederate and greyback In war, enemy soldiers are given nicknames. { board.name }} {{ board.total_asset_count }} View all Boards View all Sets CREATE BOARD. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. All U.S., Confederate Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861-1865 results for Franz Khler. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Former Confederate secretary of state Robert Toombs said "In my opinion, the worst calamity that could befall us would be to gain our independence by the valor of our slaves instead of our own " and complained using black troops would be "a surrender of the entire slavery question. Fold3 provides convenient access to military records, including the stories, photos, and personal documents of the men and women who served. This database contains an index of compiled military service records for volunteer Union soldiers who served with units organized in more than 20 states and territories, including states in the Confederacy. [124][125], The Confederate law declaring black U.S. soldiers to be insurrectionist slaves, combined with the Confederacy's discriminatory mistreatment of captured black U.S. soldiers, became a stumbling block for prisoner exchanges between the United States and the Confederacy, as the U.S. government in the Lieber Code officially objected to the Confederacy's discriminatory mistreatment of prisoners of war on basis of color. By Kershaw's own account, at first, he denied the request, but later he relented. Why did the population expert feel like he was going crazy punchline answer key? [119][120] However, Confederate authorities feared retaliation, and consequently no black prisoner was ever put on trial and executed. What are 6 of Charles Dickens classic novels? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. [20] The War Department asked for 8,000 volunteers on March 9, 20,000 on April 8, and 49,000 on and after April 16. Lee was formally designated general in chief by an act of Congress (January 23, 1865) and served in this capacity from January 31 to April 9, 1865. For more information on our use of cookies and usage policies, please visit our PRIVACYPOLICY. Union nickname for Confederate soldiers because of their gray The Southern Baptists sent a total of 78 missionaries, starting in 1862. It is also called the Southern Confederacy and refers to 11 states that renounced their existing agreement with others of the United States in 1860-1861 and attempted to establish a new nation in which the authority of the central government would be strictly limited and the institution of slavery would be protected. Be the first one to, The roster of Confederate soldiers, 1861-1865, Advanced embedding details, examples, and help, Confederate States of America. types of uniforms Confederate soldiers wore. [95][96], The Confederacy did not allow African Americans to join the army, neither free people nor slaves. In reality, as disease, desertions and casualties took their toll, and the common practice of sending replacements to form new regiments took hold, most regiments were greatly reduced in strength. In some cases, Confederate men were motivated to join the army in response to the United States' actions regarding its opposition to slavery. The New Larned History for Ready Reference, Reading, and Research. This was about 10 percent of the total Union fighting force. Other missionaries were funded and supported by the Episcopalians, Methodists, and Lutherans. Confederate guerrillas were called bushwhackers. U.S. Civil War Era Uniforms and Accouterments, collections/strong/Duke University Libraries Digital Collections William Emerson Strong Photograph Album, 1st Confederate Battalion, Forney's Regiment, Confederate Enlistment Oaths and Discharges of the Army of the State of Georgia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Confederate_States_Army&oldid=1140479607, March 6, 1861: 100,000 volunteers and militia, January 23, 1862: 400,000 volunteers and militia. This easy-to-use database lists over 6 million Confederate and Union soldiers, and 18,000 African American sailors. Presbyterians were even more active, with 112 missionaries sent in early 1865. William Holland Thomas, the adopted white son of the chief of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, recruited hundreds of Cherokees for the Confederate army, particularly for Thomas' Legion. "Stonewall" Jackson, James Longstreet, J. E. B. Stuart, Gideon Pillow, A. P. Hill, John B. Gordon. General Sherman's total warfare reduced the ability of the South to produce food and ship it to the armies or its cities. This could differ with some units, however, depending on available resources or the unit commander's desire. What were the nicknames for the Union and Confederate soldiers? What Were the Major Strategies of the Civil War? They were paid in Confederate currency. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Copyright 2023 MassInitiative | All rights reserved. He was the fifth son of Mary and John Kirkland. This was a decision made early in the conflict. Such feelings moved Senator R. M. T. 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