Origin: Tswana, Southern African Meaning: Blessed one, blessings Alternative Spellings & Variations: Sego Famous Namesakes: Masego Ntshingane, Botswanan athlete Peak Popularity: Masego isn't a very popular name in the United States. [179] The Cuban intervention was decisive in helping reverse SADF and UNITA advances and cement MPLA rule in Angola. Between 1847 and 1854, Harry Smith, governor and high commissioner of the Cape Colony, annexed territories far to the north of original British and Dutch settlement. [158], In the aftermath of the 1976 Soweto uprising and the security clampdown that accompanied it, Joint Management Centres (JMCs) operating in at least 34 State-designated "high-risk" areas became the key element in a National Security Management System. Nala Origin: Somali, African Meaning: Us Alternative Spellings & Variations: Naala, Nale, Nahla, Nalla The territory of the South African Republic became known after this war as the Transvaal Colony.[54]. In order to prevent UNITA's collapse and cement the rule of a friendly government, South Africa intervened on 23 October, sending between 1,500 and 2,000 troops from Namibia into southern Angola in order to fight the MPLA. There are 3,000 census records available for the last name South African. [166] At the same time, State-sponsored vigilante groups carried out violent attacks on communities and community leaders associated with resistance to apartheid. In 1896, the German Kaiser Kaiser Wilhelm had enraged Britain by sending congratulations to Boer republican leader Paul Kruger after Kruger's commandos captured a column of British South Africa Company soldiers engaged in an armed incursion and abortive insurrection, known historically as the Jameson Raid, into Boer territory. [112], The working environment of the mines, meanwhile, as one historian has described it, was "dangerous, brutal and onerous", and therefore unpopular among local black Africans. Meanwhile, the discovery of diamonds around Kimberley and gold in the Transvaal led to a later return to instability, particularly because they fueled the rise to power of the ambitious colonialist Cecil Rhodes. Paul Kruger, one of the leaders of the uprising, became President of the ZAR in 1883. The Transvaal Boer republic was forcefully annexed by Britain in 1877, during Britain's attempt to consolidate the states of southern Africa under British rule. The first 1,000 indentured Chinese labourers arrived in June 1904. [167] The attacks were then falsely attributed by the government to "black-on-black" or factional violence within the communities. From the outset of hostilities in October 1899 to the signing of peace on 31 May 1902 the war claimed the lives of 22,000 imperial soldiers and 7,000 republican fighters. [160] Naidoo: A popular Indian surname in South Africa. Both sides adopted scorched-earth tactics, with large swathes of pasturage and cropland being destroyed. Under the leadership of a former slave named Adam Kok, these "coloureds" or Basters (meaning mixed race or multiracial) as they were named by the Dutcha word derived from baster, meaning "bastard"[68]started trekking northward into the interior, through what is today named Northern Cape Province. It also meant the apartheid government could no longer link apartheid and its purported legitimacy to the protection of Christian values and civilisation in the face of the rooi gevaar, meaning "red danger" or the threat of communism. -- Cape Town : H. Timmins, 1965. By the time it was finally quelled, hundreds of protesters had been shot dead with many more wounded or arrested by police. Occupation can tell you about your ancestor's social and economic status. Sizwe m Southern African, Xhosa. The role of the Boer settlers was replaced by subsidised British immigrants of whom 5,000 arrived between 1849 and 1851. [120] It ended when the invading column was ambushed and captured by Boer commandos. [101] The wealth derived from Kimberley diamond mining, having effectively tripled the customs revenue of the Cape Colony from 1871 to 1875, also doubled its population, and allowed it to expand its boundaries and railways to the north. [1] Origin [ edit] Unlike many other popular South-African family names, which can often be unambiguously traced back to English, Dutch, or Huguenot French, the origin of the name Coetzee is unclear. Blignaut, Charl. A movement known as the Torch Commando was formed in the 1950s, led by white war veterans who had fought fascism in Europe and North Africa during World War II, only to find fascism on the rise in South Africa when they returned home. The Ibibio name Akpan means firstborn son. 78. 36. Smiths created objects of iron, copper and gold both for local decorative use and for foreign trade. Lwando Southern African. Page 1 2. In the southeastern part of South Africa, Boer settlers and the Xhosa clashed along the Great Fish River, and in 1779 the First Xhosa War broke out. [26] Many Portuguese words are still found along the coast of South Africa including Saldanha, Algoa, Natal, Agulhas, Benguela and Lucia. Many urban blacks supported the war expecting it would raise their status in society. [117], The cause of the AngloBoer wars has been attributed to a contest over which nation would control and benefit most from the Witwatersrand gold mines. [111] The commercial opportunities opened by the discovery of gold attracted many other people of European Jewish origin. Most of the bodies were dumped in unmarked graves. Many of the Natalia Boers who refused to acknowledge British rule trekked over the Drakensberg mountains to settle in the Orange Free State and Transvaal republics.[58]. Ross, Robert, Anne Kelk Mager and Bill Nasson, eds. It means "leaves" (verb) in Swahili. Like the Dutch before them, the British initially had little interest in the Cape Colony, other than as a strategically located port. Frere, on his own initiative, without the approval of the British government and with the intent of instigating a war with the Zulu, had presented an ultimatum on 11 December 1878, to the Zulu king Cetshwayo with which the Zulu king could not comply. It is among the most common African last names. Truth and Reconciliation Commission (1998), Findings in respect of the state and its allies: findings 82, 100 c, 100 f, 101, 102 pp. Madia South African. By 1952, the brief flame of mass-based white radicalism was extinguished, when the Torch Commando disbanded due to government legislation under the Suppression of Communism Act, 1950. [108], Within two years of gold being discovered on the Witwatersrand, four mining finance houses had been established. By January 1907, 53,000 Chinese labourers were working in the gold mines.[115]. After considerable debate, and following submissions from advocacy groups, individuals and ordinary citizens, the Parliament enacted a new Constitution and Bill of Rights in 1996. Manpower, from all races, helped Allied operations not just on the Western Front and Africa, but also in the Middle East against the Ottoman Empire. John Murray. After the discovery of hominins at Taung and australopithecine fossils in limestone caves at Sterkfontein, Swartkrans, and Kromdraai these areas were collectively designated a World Heritage site. Those settlers who were allocated money could only claim it in Britain in person or through an agent. It was inhabited by Australopithecines since at least 2.5 million years ago. This name was adopted in the 17th century by Wesselius Praetorius as a Latin translation of his previous surname Schulte. [9], Many more species of early hominid have come to light in recent decades. These are collectively known as the Khoisan, a modern European portmanteau of these two tribes' names. The British High Commission territories of Basutoland (now Lesotho), Bechuanaland (now Botswana), and Swaziland (now Eswatini) continued under direct rule from Britain. [34] The Cape Articles of Capitulation of 1806 allowed the colony to retain "all their rights and privileges which they have enjoyed hitherto",[35] and this launched South Africa on a divergent course from the rest of the British Empire, allowing the continuance of Roman-Dutch law. Discover the meaning of the South African name on Ancestry. With 250,000 paid-up members at the height of its existence, it was the largest white protest movement in the country's history. Abioye (Yoruba origin) meaning "son of royalty". The Bantu expansion was one of the major demographic movements in human prehistory, sweeping much of the African continent during the 2nd and 1st millennia BC. Rhodes and Rudd had earlier made fortunes from diamond mining at Kimberley. [197], From the 1940s to the 1960s, anti-apartheid resistance within the country took the form mainly of passive resistance, influenced in part by the pacifist ideology of Mahatma Gandhi. . Newbury (1987), p.1 citing D Hobart Houghton and Jennifer Dagut (eds). [141] On 21 June 1942 nearly 10,000 South African soldiers, representing one-third of the entire South African force in the field, were taken prisoner by German Field Marshal Rommel's forces in the fall of Tobruk, Libya. At the start of the war, Bank of England officials in London worked with South Africa to block gold shipments to Germany, and force mine owners to sell only to the British Treasury, at prices set by the Treasury. Nearly 9,000 were killed in action. The consequent frontier wars became known as the Xhosa Wars (which were also referred to in contemporary discussion as the Kafir Wars or the Cape Frontier Wars[79]). [175][176], In early-November 1975, immediately after Portugal granted independence to its former African colony of Angola, civil war broke out between the rival UNITA and MPLA movements. [53] The republic, under the premiership of Paul Kruger, defeated British forces in the First Boer War and remained independent until the end of the Second Boer War on 31 May 1902, when it was forced to surrender to the British. [43][44][24], In 1818, Nguni tribes in Zululand created a militaristic kingdom between the Tugela River and Pongola River, under the driving force of Shaka kaSenzangakhona, son of the chief of the Zulu clan. The official statistics of blacks killed in action are inaccurate. In response, the stadtholder, who had taken up residence in England, issued the Kew Letters, ordering colonial governors to surrender to the British. [230][231][232] Notable corruption related scandals during this period included incidents of widespread state capture[233] often involving allegations against the Gupta family. ): Fourie, J.; Boshoff, W. (2008). [114] The decision was made to start importing Chinese indentured labourers who were prepared to work for far less wages than local African labourers. [67] Members of this mixed-race community formed the core of what was to become the Griqua people. [245] Protests against the incarceration triggered wider rioting and looting, further exacerbated by job layoffs and economic woes worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic. Find your family's origin in the United States, average life expectancy, most common occupation, and more. [24], The British explorers David Livingstone and William Oswell, setting out from a mission station in the northern Cape Colony, are believed to have been the first white men to cross the Kalahari desert in 1849. The prehistory and history of South Africa span nearly the entire known existence of human beings and their ancestorssome three million years or moreand include the wandering of small bands of hominins through the savanna, the inception of herding and farming as ways of life, and the construction of large urban centres. In the eastern part of what is today South Africa, in the region named Natalia by the Boer trekkers, the latter negotiated an agreement with Zulu King Dingane kaSenzangakhona allowing the Boers to settle in part of the then Zulu kingdom. Likewise the Indian element (led by Mahatma Gandhi) generally supported the war effort. An academic study conducted in 2006, found that South Africans showed levels of xenophobia greater than anywhere else in the world. 4. Use census records and voter lists to see where families with the South African surname lived. [251] As of 18 July, over 3,400 people had been arrested, while as of 22 July, 337 people had died in connection with the unrest.[252]. A local trader Dick King and his servant Ndongeni, who later became folk heroes, were able to escape the blockade and ride to Grahamstown, a distance of 600km (372.82 miles) in 14 days to raise British reinforcements. The president is elected by the National Assembly and serves a term that expires at the next general election. As punishment to the Basotho, the governor and commander-in-chief of the Cape Colony, George Cathcart, deployed troops to the Mohokare River; Moshoeshoe was ordered to pay a fine. [10], The descendants of the Middle Paleolithic populations are thought to be the aboriginal San and Khoikhoi tribes. [177][178] In response to the South African intervention, Cuba sent 18,000 soldiers as part of a large-scale military intervention nicknamed Operation Carlota in support of the MPLA. Open hostilities ceased between the Orange Free State and the Basotho. It is the tenth most common family name in the Republic of South Africa. For the veterans among your South African ancestors, military collections provide insights into where and when they served, and even physical descriptions. The establishment of the staging post by the Dutch East India Company at the Cape in 1652 soon brought the Khoikhoi into conflict with Dutch settlers over land ownership. One of our 3 capital cities is also . [31], In 1787, shortly before the French Revolution, a faction within the politics of the Dutch Republic known as the Patriot Party attempted to overthrow the regime of stadtholder William V. Though the revolt was crushed, it was resurrected after the French invasion of the Netherlands in 1794/1795 which resulted in the stadtholder fleeing the country. It accelerated the formation of several new nation-states, notably those of the Sotho (present-day Lesotho) and the Swazi (now Eswatini (formerly Swaziland)). 4. Abundant, cheap African labour was central to the success of Kimberley diamond mining, as it would later also be to the success of gold mining on the Witwatersrand. [211] As the culmination of mounting local and international opposition to apartheid in the 1980s, including the armed struggle, widespread civil unrest, economic and cultural sanctions by the international community, and pressure from the anti-apartheid movement around the world, State President F. W. de Klerk announced the lifting of the ban on the African National Congress, the Pan Africanist Congress and the South African Communist Party, as well as the release of political prisoner Nelson Mandela on 2 February 1990, after twenty-seven years in prison. [86] In the battles that followed, the Orange Free State tried unsuccessfully to capture Moshoeshoe's mountain stronghold at Thaba Bosiu, while the Sotho conducted raids in Free State territories. [190] However, the South African military had lost air superiority and its technological advantage, largely due to an international arms embargo against the country. [242] The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) found that competition over jobs, business opportunities, public services and housing gave rise to tension among refugees, asylum seekers, migrants and host communities, identified as a main cause of the xenophobic violence. The police and military who controlled the JMCs by the mid-1980s were endowed with influence in decision-making at every level, from the Cabinet down to local government. The weaker and less-skilled Dingaan became king, relaxing military discipline while continuing the despotism. 2. APLA denied the attacks were racist in character, claiming that the attacks were directed against the apartheid government as all whites, according to the PAC, were complicit in the policy of apartheid. Anthony Egan, Review of "The Hidden Thread: Russia and South Africa in the Soviet Era" by Irina Filatova & Apollon Davidson, Phyllis Johnson & David Martin, Apartheid Terrorism: The destabilisation report, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989, p.122, UN General Assembly, res n 2154 (XXI), 17 November 1966. Today middle names are common among people with a Catholic, Protestant, Islamic or South Asian background. There are 1,000 military records available for the last name South African. The rebel leaders were prosecuted, fined heavily and sentenced to imprisonment ranging from six to seven years. Historically, surnames evolved as a way to sort people into groups - by occupation, place of origin, clan affiliation, patronage, parentage, adoption, and even physical characteristics (like red hair). Modern human settlement occurred around 125,000 years ago in the Middle Stone Age, as shown by archaeological discoveries at Klasies River Caves. The government declared martial law on 14 October 1914, and forces loyal to the government under the command of generals Louis Botha and Jan Smuts defeated the rebellion. In 1854, it was granted its first locally elected legislature, the Cape Parliament. Kaya Female | Kaya means "restful place" and is a popular Zulu name. "[69] They were joined on their long journey by a number of San and Khoikhoi aboriginals, local African tribesmen, and also some white renegades. Tau was the name of the last ruler of the Rolong in South Africa (18th century). The colony, with an estimated population of less than 400,000 in 1904[56] ceased to exist in 1910, when it was absorbed into the Union of South Africa as the Orange Free State Province. 2. [142] A number of South African fighter pilots served with distinction in the Royal Air Force during the Battle of Britain, including Group Captain Adolph "Sailor" Malan who led 74 Squadron and established a record of personally destroying 27 enemy aircraft. The cash-strapped post-apartheid government was obliged to repay this debt or else face a credit downgrading by foreign financial institutions. [189], Both South Africa and Cuba claimed victory at the decisive battle of Cuito Cuanavale, which have been described as "the fiercest in Africa since World War II". Like a window into their day-to-day life, South African census records can tell you where and how . Kruger rejected the British demand and called for the withdrawal of British troops from the borders of the South African Republic. After the suppression of the abortive, pro-German Maritz Rebellion during the South African World War I campaign against German South West Africa in 1914, the South African rebel General Manie Maritz escaped to Spain. 77. 'Explaining the Ship Traffic Fluctuations in the Early Cape Settlement: 16521793', South African Journal of Economic History, 23 (2008), pp. [228] The slow pace of transformation also fomented tensions within the tripartite alliance between the ANC, the Communist Party and the Congress of South African Trade Unions.[229]. There are 642 immigration records available for the last name South African. In the Fourth Xhosa War, which lasted from 1811 to 1812, the British colonial authorities forced the Xhosa back across the Great Fish River and established forts along this boundary. Their South African National Party, later known as the South African Party or SAP, followed a generally pro-British, white-unity line. The language law caused friction, distrust and dissatisfaction. The first modern humans are believed to have inhabited South Africa more than 100,000 years ago. Meaning: 'Child that keeps coming or reincarnation.' 5. The monarchy came to an end on 31 May 1961, replaced by a republic as the consequence of a 1960 referendum, which legitimised the country becoming the Republic of South Africa. During the years immediately following the AngloBoer wars, Britain set about unifying the four colonies including the former Boer republics into a single self-governed country called the Union of South Africa. The Portuguese mariner Bartolomeu Dias was the first European to explore the coastline of South Africa in 1488, while attempting to discover a trade route to the Far East via the southernmost cape of South Africa, which he named Cabo das Tormentas, meaning Cape of Storms. [4] The Dutch East India Company established a trading post in Cape Town under the command of Jan van Riebeeck in 1652,[5] European workers who settled at the Cape became known as the Free Burghers and gradually established farms in the Dutch Cape Colony.[6]. The attack failed, with British forces then retreating back to Durban, which the Boers besieged. Meanwhile, the British, who viewed their defeat at Majuba as an aberration, forged ahead with their desire to federate the Southern African colonies and republics. [191] South African involvement in Angola ended formally after the signing of a United Nations-brokered agreement known as the New York Accords between the governments of Angola, Cuba and South Africa, resulting in the withdrawal of all foreign troops from Angola and also South Africa's withdrawal from South West Africa (now Namibia), which the UN regarded as illegally occupied since 1966. Rubinstein, W. D. (2004). Available at, Edgerton, Robert B, Africa's armies: from honor to infamy: a history from 1791 to the present (2002) p.109. As societies became more complex or were colonised by more complex societies these distinguishing names became fixed and were passed on to the next generation. "[185] The Angolan government described the target of the attack as a refugee camp. The kingdom controlled trade through the east African ports to Arabia, India and China, and throughout southern Africa, making it wealthy through the exchange of gold and ivory for imports such as Chinese porcelain and Persian glass beads.[25]. [23] The advancing Bantu encroached on the Khoikhoi territory, forcing the original inhabitants of the region to move to more arid areas. 28. [147] When the war ended, the OB was one of the anti-parliamentary groups absorbed into the National Party.[148][149]. In further research at the Blombos cave in 2002, stones were discovered engraved with grid or cross-hatch patterns, dated to some 70,000 years ago. The war is notable for several particularly bloody battles, including an overwhelming victory by the Zulu at the Battle of Isandlwana, as well as for being a landmark in the timeline of imperialism in the region. "Untold History with a Historiography: A Review of Scholarship on Afrikaner Women in South African History.". The General Assembly had already suspended South Africa from the UN organisation on 12 November 1974. [57] The Boers accepted British annexation in 1844. [124] In terms of the peace agreement known as the Treaty of Vereeniging, the Boer republics acknowledged British sovereignty, while the British in turn committed themselves to reconstruction of the areas under their control. Information on our advertising guidelines can be found. [30] Simon van der Stel, the first Governor of the Dutch settlement, famous for his development of the lucrative South African wine industry, was himself of mixed race-origin. Introduction: South Africa has a unique history of apartheid that has had significant implications on economic and social policies. Luckhoff South African Lupondo South African Luter South African Madia South African Johnson: This surname is a patronymic of John. Scientists researching the periods before written historical records were made have established that the territory of what is now referred to generically as South Africa was one of the important centers of human evolution. In 1993, attacks on white civilian targets in public places increased. Sandbox Learning is part of Sandbox & Co., a digital learning company. In a referendum held on 17 March 1992, the white electorate voted 68% in favour of democracy. This has been interpreted as the earliest example ever discovered of abstract art or symbolic art created by Homo sapiens. The Government of National Unity lapsed at the end of the first parliament sitting in 1999, with the ANC becoming the sole party in power while maintaining a strategic alliance with the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) and the South African Communist Party. The 1820s saw a time of immense upheaval relating to the military expansion of the Zulu Kingdom, which replaced the original African clan system with kingdoms. White people, who constituted 20 percent of the population, held 90 percent of the land. BP Willan, "The South African Native Labour Contingent, 19161918". The name is derived from the dutch word Prins (meaning prince), and a loo suffix meaning clearing in the forest. The VOC, one of the major European trading houses sailing the spice route to the East, had no intention of colonizing the area, instead wanting only to establish a secure base camp where passing ships could be serviced and restock on supplies. Like a window into their day-to-day life, South African census records can tell you where and how your ancestors worked, their level of education, veteran status, and more. Dutch before them, the descendants of the Middle Paleolithic populations are thought to be the aboriginal and! Mining at Kimberley loo suffix meaning clearing in the Middle Paleolithic populations are thought to be the San! Chinese labourers were working in the forest replaced by subsidised British immigrants of whom 5,000 arrived 1849! On Ancestry of Scholarship on Afrikaner Women in South African Party or SAP, followed a generally pro-British white-unity. 20 percent of the attack failed, with large swathes of pasturage and cropland being destroyed, many species! 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