Dr. Abdulhalim Serafi, MB ChB,MSc,PhD,FESC Assistant Professor & Consultant Cardiologist Faculty of Medicine Umm Al-Qura University Makkah Al-Mukarramah Saudi Arabia. tubes. It is generally classified into 4 types: 1. The VMC discharges continuous vasoconstrictor impulses through sympathetic nerve fibers to the various arterioles to keep them in a state of moderate or partial vasoconstriction. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secreted by the posterior pituitary. Part II CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY. By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. Figure. Venoconstriction VR Mobilization of labile Contraction of spleen. CBF. Create stunning presentation online in just 3 steps. The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries. ABP reflex of heart rate + reflex vasodilatation of arterioles ABP. Normal diastolic blood pressure is important for coronary filling because filling of coronary arteries occurs mainly during ventricular diastolic. Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. HEART FAILURE Heart failure (HF) means decreased ability of the heart to perform its proper pumping action (due to decreased force of contraction of the ventricles). Includes: Includes: a) Nervous mechanisms e.g. properties of the cardiac muscle:. CORONARY BLOOD FLOW Under resting conditions coronary blood flow (CBF) in the human heart is about 250 ml/ minute (=5% of the cardiac output). Capillary fluid shift urine formation. AI and Machine Learning Demystified by Carol Smith at Midwest UX 2017, Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Project, Harry Surden - Artificial Intelligence and Law Overview, No public clipboards found for this slide. - Also, obese persons have higher tendency to develop hypertension. Sports Physiology. Moderate of blood volume baroreceptors reflex heart rate and vasoconstriction of arterioles ABP towards normal. FACTORS AFFECTING CBF (coronary circulation) The amount of blood passing through the coronary vessels (CBF) is directly proportional to the work done by the heart i.e. Changes in the peripheral resistance affect diastolic BP more than systolic BP. Obstructive shock. blood heart peripheral circulation. In this way, these reflexes maintain the normal level of ABP. It oscillates during each cardiac cycle between a maximum called systolic BP and a minimum called diastolic BP. Saint Mary's University of Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya. Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. Exchange of gases between blood and alveolar air. The CBF varies directly with this pressure. (Voltage) TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY GUYTON & HALL 11TH EDITION UNIT II CHAPTER 5 Dr.Mohammed Alotaibi MRes, PhD (Liverpool, England) . 11th ed: pp771-818, pp865-888. & vasoconstriction. - Pulmonary edema. Sort by: Andrew Guyton - A . Increased pulmonary capillary permeability by toxins and bacterial infection etc. - the diastolic BP may remain unchanged or it id slightly decreased due to vasodilatation of the arterioles of the active skeletal muscles. pneumotorax. Water excretion in urine is controlled by 2 hormones. : - Epinephrine nor Excretion of water & epinephrine secretion electrolytes in urine - ADH (vasopressin) Hormones which affect secretion urine formation (volume) - Renin-angiostensin - ADH (vasopressin). HAEMORRHAGE Haemorrage means loss of blood (bleeding) from the cardiovascular system. Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. part 4. lecture outline. At that time, it was widely accepted that the heart controlled cardiac output and that peripheral resistance controlled arterial blood pressure. Angiotensin I (AI) is converted into octapeptide called angiotensin II (AII) by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) mainly in the lungs. heart, Cardiovascular Physiology - . Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. - CBF during ventricular diastole (maximal at the end of isometric relaxation). wu minfan department of physiology, shenyang medical, CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY - . emphysema Left-sided heart failure. dr. poland room 3-007, sanger hall phone: 828-9557 e-mail: poland@hsc.vcu.edu. Gastrointestinal physiology Textbook of Medical Physiology, GUYTON and HALL, 12th Ed: pp753-803, pp: 843-863. This is a common complication of the atherosclerosis and hypertension. In a normal adult, the brain weight about 1.5 kg (=2% of body weight) and it receives about 750 ml blood/minute (15% of the cardiac output). qiang xia ( ), md & phd department of physiology room c518, block c. Cardiovascular Physiology - . Cardiogenic shock 4. Low-resistance shock 3. Myocardial cells contract as a result of the interaction of two overlapping, rigid contractile proteins, actin and myosin Cell shortening occurs when the actin and myosin are allowed to fully interact and slide over one another Regulatory proteins tropomyosin + troponin fMECHANISM OF CONTRACTION fINNERVATION OF THE HEART (parasympathetic) tubes. (5) Emotions: - ABP (mainly systolic) increases during emotions due to sympathetic over activity. Electrocardiography Method of measuring the electrical activity of the heart from electrodes placed on the . Arthur C. Guyton's writing style always kept the tone of a teacher talking. "/> barrel connectors. acts through the kidney - Chemoreceptor reflexes. These reactions restore blood pressure and blood volume in mild or moderate haemorrhage. Contains more than 1,200 full-color drawings and diagrams - all carefully crafted to make physiology easier to understand. This prevents pulmonary edema, and is due to rich lymph drainage and ve pressure in the lung interstitial spaces. Sequence of events from the beginning of one systole to the beginning of next consecutive systole. 3. EFFECTS OF HAEMORRHAGE These depend upon two factors: 1. 14. structure of the heart. Angina pectoris is usually due to narrowing of the coronary arteries ischemia. Cerebral Circulation: - The CNS Ischaemic response and cushingd reflex. - Coronary Inflow (arterial) occurs mainly during diastole, Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) coronary vasoconst, b) Cardiac Output: CBF is directly proportional to COP, The blood flow in the pulmonary capillaries is rapid 0.75, The in C.O.P. Urine Formation: due to renal blood flow and secretion of antidiuretic hormone. We've updated our privacy policy. qiang xia ( ), phd department of physiology room c518, block c, research building, - the diastolic BP may remain unchanged or it id slightly, Vasodilatation of arterioles of their diameter , Factors that determine the peripheral resistance, Regulation of the diameter of the arterioles. Vasoconstrictor substance: e.g. after severe haemorrhage decrease of ABP (hypotension as hemorrhagic shock). part 4. lecture outline. electrophysiology of the heart. Retina (Define ,anatomy of retina, examination of retina, classification of Retinoblastoma (Preventive measures for retinoblastoma), RETINOPATHY OF PREMATTURITY (ROP) PREVENTIVE MEASURES. They play a very important role to prevents reflexes correct a rise in pressure by decreasing the cardiac pumping (decrease in heart rate) and the peripheral resistance (vasodilatation). The opposite effects occur if the ABP falls. Maryam Fida Follow Optometrist & Orthoptist Cardiovascular Physiology. Nerve Supply: Sympathetic stimulation constriction of pulmonary vessels P.B.P. SPECIALIZED EXCITATORY AND CONDUCTIVE MUSCLE - exhibit automatic rhythmical electrical discharge in the form of action potentials or conduction of the action potentials through the heart CARDIAC MUSCLE ANATOMY ISBN-13: 9780323597128. 277 (ADV. Systolic BP: It is the maximal pressure exerted by the blood on the arterial walls during ventricular systole (ejection of blood from the left ventricle into the aorta). Effect of change in heart rate: Changes in HR affect diastolic more than systolic BP i.e. Hypoxia, hypercapnia and acidosis VD cerebral BF. IMPORTANCE OF ABP Normal mean ABP provides the force that drives blood to the tissues I.e. The PR depends mainly on 2 factors: (diameter of arterioles and blood viscosity) Diameter of arterioles: - The PR is inversely proportional to the diameter of arterioles i.e. PR I/r4). Cardiovascular System MCQs :- 1. Unlike many major medical textbooks, which often have 20 or more authors, the first eight editions of the Textbook of Medical Physiology were written entirely by Dr. Guyton with each new edition arriving on schedule for nearly 40 years. Pale and cold skin: the skin is pale due constriction of skin capillaries and it is cold due to constriction of skin arterioles blood volume passing through the skin. Chemical or metabolic control: Blood flow to the brain is regulated mainly by its own metabolism. heart, Cardiovascular Physiology - . Normal diastolic blood pressure is needed for filling of the coronary arteries with blood which occurs mainly during ventricular diastole. cardiac cycle. 5. They start in less. If the lost blood volume exceeds 30%: the replacement of the lost blood volume by I.V. properties of the cardiac muscle:. received string length longer than maximum. Hypoxia, hypercapnia and rise of H produce V.C. PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIATIONS IN ABP: AGE: - At birth, the ABP is about 80/40 - At the age of 120 years, the ABP is about 120/ 80 - The ABP tends to increase with age e.g. lecture outline. Other Factors: a) Heart Rate: Excessive in the heart rate e.g. One heart beat consists of one systole and one diastole. You can read the details below. 2 scenario`s in cardiology:. Long-term regulation. Female and Male Athletes. 4- Chronic injection of supra-renal cortical hormones. the (intermedio)lateral horn of the spinal cord from T-1 to L-2. Thus, occlusion of a large branch of the coronary artery e.g. Decrease of the circulatory capacity (with normal blood volume) ABP e.g. secondary to a tumor in the supra- renal gland secretion of cortisol, Aldosterone & adrenaline. - Pulse pressure and mean ABP. - It is also called warm shock. The blood flow in the pulmonary capillaries is rapid 0.75 second at rest. Features expanded clinical coverage including obesity, metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, Alzheimer's disease, and other degenerative diseases. Long-term regulation of the ABP: This is a slowly-acting pressure control mechanism called renal-body fluid-pressure control mechanism. part 2 cardiac output & control systems. 2) A II stimulates the secretion of Aldosterone hormone from the suprarenal cortex. should increase 4 times normal before P.B.P. Cardiac neurogenic shock, tamponade or massive septic shock anaphylactic pulmonary embolism. However, this renders this area more liable to ischemia and infarction. cardiac work CBF and cardiac work CBF. by coronary thrombosis necrosis (=death) of the muscle supplied by that branch. and reserve proteins secretion of adrenaline & from the tissues to the Noradrenaline plasma proteins. Muscle strength Pulmonary ventilation Cardiac output 11% difference in performance in women Body fat distribution. These hormones regulate the blood volume through their effects on the kidney (urine formation). Blockchain + AI + Crypto Economics Are We Creating a Code Tsunami? The diastolic BP shows little or no change. (2) THE CNS ISCHEMIC RESPONSE: Ischemia of the CNS produces powerful generalized vasoconstriction and elevation of ABP. There is evident regional distribution: The subendocardial myocardial layer in the left ventricle receives less blood, due to more myocardial compression (but this is normally compensated during diastoles by V.D). The functions of the fibrous pericardium include: Returning blood to the atria Providing blood flow to the myocardium Anchoring the heart to surrounding structures Uploaded on Sep 11, 2014. : Nervous mechanisms e.g. The body can compensate for it. : Hormonal mechanism which - baroreceptors reflexes. Irresistible content for immovable prospects, How To Build Amazing Products Through Customer Feedback. Classification of computers (- Minicomputers) (Microcomputers), Irresistible content for immovable prospects, How To Build Amazing Products Through Customer Feedback. general functions components production & function of. c) Hormones Thyroxin cardiac metabolism coronary vasodilator CBF. section 1 basic cardiac anatomy and physiology. Vasopressin mechanism: - blood volume & ABP stimulation of stretch receptors in the right atrium and in aortic arch and carotid sinus reflex of vasopressin (ADH) from the posterior pituitary. J. PHYSIOL. Each cardiac cycle is initiated by the cardiac impulse which originates from the SA node. These chemical factors produce regional variation in CBF. We've encountered a problem, please try again. The VCC leads to generalized sympathetic stimulation and secretion of catecholamine, and both produce the following effects: a) Tachycardia and increase of the stroke volume (both increase the CO) b) Generalized V.C. The brain is highly sensitive to hypoxia or ischaemia because of 3 factors: The high metabolic rate of the brain compared with that of the whole body. Uveitis (Classification, Panuveitis, Endophthalmitis, Panophthalmitis, Synech Management of trauma Ropper Hall classification system (Preventive ophthalmol Sclera (scleritis and episcleritis, staphyloma). But this was not enough to convince the medical world about the safety of the procedure. 2) deep system: which drains the rest of the heart. The materials contained in this web site focus on physiological concepts that serve as the basis of cardiovascular disease. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. CORONARY CIRCULATION BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE HEART: a) Arterial supply: - The cardiac muscle is supplied by the first two branches of the aorta i.e. The elevated ABP stimulates the arterial baroreceptors of the aortic arch and carotid sinus reflex slowing of the heart. Reactions that maintain a normal blood volume: These include: a- Restoration of the plasma volume by (a) ADH (helps water retension in the body) (b) Secretion of aldosterone (by effect of angiotensin II) which increases Na+ and water retension in the body (c) Drinking water (as a result of the increased thirst sensation) (d) Inhibition of secretion of the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). Cardiac Output (COP) Normal COP is essential for normal ABP. action potentials conduction pathways ekgs. Dr. Abdulhalim Serafi, MB ChB,MSc,PhD,FESC Assistant Professor & Consultant Cardiologist Faculty of Medicine Umm Al-Qura University Makkah Al-Mukarramah Saudi Arabia. pitchbook product manager salary The exact cause is unknown. without much in P.B.P. Summary BODY REACTION TO HAEMORRHAGE Immediate CompensatoryDelayed Compensatory ReactionsReactions heart rate COP Secretion of ADH & Vasoconstriction of aldosterone retention arterioles (PR)of water plasma volume. metabolites. N.B: Unilateral constriction of renal artery temporary and not permanent hypertension because the healthy kidney (not ischemic) produces an enzyme called angiotensinase which inactivates angiotensin II. Vasodilator substances e.g. b) Drugs: Nitrites, angised, aminophylline, caffeine & Khellin are coronary vasodilator coronary vasodilatation CBF. properties of the cardiac muscle. It has special reactions to gas changes. Angina Pectoris is to narrowing of the coronary arteries ischemia of the cardiac muscle pain which is retrosternal (behind the sternum). : Capillary fluid shift mechanism. The anginal pain may radiate to the left shoulder, left arm or forearm (=referred pain). APIdays Paris 2019 - Innovation @ scale, APIs as Digital Factories' New Machi Mammalian Brain Chemistry Explains Everything. Cardiovascular Physiology - . Pulmonary peripheral vascular resistance = (PVR): Any increase in pulmonary peripheral resistance much in P.B.P. Human Anatomy & Physiology: Cardiovascular Physiology Ziser 2404 Lecture Notes, 2005 3 idea of how rapidly the impulses are being conducted and how the heart is functioning Cardiac Cycle 1 complete heartbeat (takes ~ 0.8 seconds) consists of: systole contraction of each chamber diastole relaxation of each chamber two atria contract simultaneously Experimental hypertension is of great value in study in the possible causes of hypertension in man and the effect of drugs on hypertension. Blood volume: Normal blood volume (5-6 liters with normal vascular capacity) is important for normal ABP (systolic and diastolic) Slight or moderate change in the blood volume almost no effect on ABP due to some compensatory reaction in the CVS that restore normal BP e.g. We've encountered a problem, please try again. Acts as a blood reservoir. Myocardial Infarction produces also chest pain which is more severe than that of angina and it cannot be relieved by rest or coronary VD drugs. Cardiac Cycle heart & circulation. student lecture. These vessels dilate and their capacity without excessive without excessive in P.B.P. Vasoconstrictor substance e.g. qiang xia ( ), phd department of physiology room c518, block c, research, Cardiovascular Physiology - . Firing level of -40 mV. dr. poland room 3-007, sanger hall phone: 828-9557 e-mail: poland@hsc.vcu.edu. This is called vasomotor tone and it is important to maintain normal ABP. 12th. cardiovascular physiology lectures. by a tumour. PR V). Welcome to Cardiovascular Physiology Concepts. review integrated cardiac, Cardiovascular Physiology - Cardiovascular physiology. solution of nutrients/wastes. There is about one capillary for each cardiac muscle fiber. Click here to review the details. The blood flow in this circulation occurs mainly during cardiac diastole There is no efficient anastomoses between the coronary vessels. If the rise (mean pressure 70-140 mm Hg) in pressure is maintained, auto-regulation mechanisms operate to restore the cerebral BF to its normal level within 1-2 minutes. With the publication in 1972 of a large computer model of circulatory control, Guyton and colleagues challenged the then prevailing views on how blood pressure and cardiac output were controlled. Control of the Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF): Control of the Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF): Nervous Control: Sympathetic stimulation weak vasoconstriction of the cerebral blood vessels but it the CBF because it simultaneously the ABP. 1 anatomy and-physiology-of-the-cardiovascular-system (2), Anatomy, physiology & patophysiology of the cardiovascular, cardiovascular physiology based on Ganong's, Physiology of cardiovascular system dr toufiqur rahman, Cardiovascularsystem 110221045748-phpapp02, Anatomy and-physiology-of-the-cardiovascular-system-medical-surgical-nursing-ppt, Ppt cvs phsiology a small review for anaesthetist, James Malce Alo, PhD, MAN, MAPsych, RN, OSHA, The assessment of confusion in the older adult, Respiratory anatomy and physiology faculty version, Clinical examination of the gi tract and abdomen [recovered] [recovered], Structured examination of the Respiratory System. UNIT II: Transport of Substances Through Cell Membranes UNIT III: The Heart Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. Tap here to review the details. Respiratory Movements: During Inspiration P.B.P is , because inspiration expansion of the lung dilatation of pulmonary vessels P.B.P. This is because the pulmonary vessels dilate and the capacity of pulmonary vessels dilate and the capacity of pulmonary circulation to accommodate the excess C.O.P. ABP is directly proportional to PR. - Factors that maintain normal ABP: : Cardiac output (co) : Peripheral resistance (PR) : Arterial elasticity : Blood volume Further Reading: Guyton: Textbook of Medical Physiology Ganong: Review of Medical Physiology, ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE (ABP) Arterial Blood Pressure (ABP) is the lateral pressure exerted by the blood on the arterial walls. By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. Guyton-Physiology-Chapter-9-Outline.doc. The arterial baroreflexes are very rapid. Cardiac output propels blood through the arteries and veins as. due to: Traumatic shock Myocardial infarction. RMP is less negative because of some opened Na channels, normal permeability to Na also causing a slow depolarization Cardiovascular Physiology - . Pulse pressure: It is the difference between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure e.g. Physical Factors that control the cerebral blood flow (CBF) Effective perfusion pressure i.e. Ed. administration of fluid becomes life saving: fluids which can be given are: blood, saline, plasma or plasma substitutes. 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