what is written inside a mezuzah
The ink for a mezuzah scroll must be sourced from a handful of kosher purveyors who make jet-black ink from a short list of approved ingredients: iron sulfate, gall nuts (a woody deformation that grows on oak trees as a reaction to wasp eggs), tree sap and water. 3. Whether or not youre Jewish, the focus on family, on tradition and on teaching respect for others inside your home is very important. The most popular custom is to touch the mezuzah every time you pass it and then kiss your fingertips as a sign of affection for the sacred prayers held inside. A mezuzah should be fixed to the doorpost of ever living space in the house, not just the entrance door. Bring the mezuzah up to the wall or measure upwards if you know how tall the case is. On the back of the scroll is written the wordShadaiin Hebrew, one of the names of God. Is a mezuzah just a decorative box? If a Mezuzah is stuck inside its case, carefully bang the case against . Written in black indelible ink using a special quill pen usually made from a feather. But one actual commandment is to inspect the scroll inside your mezuzah twice every seven years. The scroll itself should be a type of kosher parchment calledklafthats made from the skin of calf embryos, which are considered the most pliable and the most spiritually pure, says Lessin. The Klaf is prepared by a qualifying scribe. The mezuzah can be rightly compared with the helmet which is a veneer that protects people from the dangers of life. Many recommend checking twice every seven years. 11:13-21 .) On this handwritten Inside the case there is a small parchment scroll, handwritten by a scribe, containing selected verses from the Torah. The mezuzah case can be made of almost anything, as long as it allows access to the klaf so that it may be checked for kashrut (kosherness) periodically. Shapero estimates that 90 percent of the mezuzahs sold around the world are not kosher, which means that their scrolls fall short of meeting the high standards of Jewish law orHalacha. Ashkenazi Jews place it in a slanted position with top pointed to inside of room. As it is with most Jewish traditions, the rules and regulations surrounding the mezuzah are very specific. One side of the mezuzah has an opening that makes it possible to see the scroll inside. No, inside every mezuzah is a scroll. 11:13-21 .) The commandment to place mezuzot (plural of mezuzah) on the doorposts of our houses is derived from Deut. A "kosher" mezuzah is hand-written on genuine parchment, prepared from the skin of a kosher animal. It is of such importance that it is mentioned twice in the recital of the Shema prayer, which we say multiple times daily. For thousands of years, Jewish families have marked the doorposts of their home in fulfillment of a commandment written in the Torah (the first five books of the Hebrew Bible starting with Genesis). Some people spell it mezuzah, while others use a double z and spell it mezzuzah, mezuzzah or mezzuzzah.Others spell it without an h at the end, as in mezuza or mezzuza. The mezuzah is a symbol that connects, protects, and unites Jews. You might be most familiar with the word kosher as it applies to food (as in, pork products and shellfish are not kosher), but other aspects of Jewish life also need to be kosher, including the mezuzah. On the klaf the Shema is written. ONE FOR ISRAEL. 6:4-9 and Deut. Theres a similar custom with Torah scrolls. These verses are known as the Shema. Hammer in the nail or secure one half of the mezuzah with whatever alternative hanging material you're using. Unlike a Torah scroll, which must be copied from another manuscript, a mezuzah may be written from memory by a scribe. A mezuzah must be attached on the upper third of the right-hand side of the doorway as one enters, no less than one hand-breath from the top. Note though that you must make sure that the sofer does not use the mikvah before writing the sheimos inside the mezuzah. The Shema is the most important prayer in Judaism because it reminds Jewish people that there is only one God. 11:13-21.) If youre not Jewish, you may be unfamiliar with the small decorative case affixed to the right door frame of some homes or apartments. There are many online Judaica stores where you can buy a kosher replacement scroll. The person who writes the mezuzah must be a shomer shabbat Jewish man, and he has to write it with the correct intention. A true kosher mezuzah more on that in a second will contain a small window . 6:4-9 and Deut. Inside the case is a piece of parchment paper with a sacred Jewish prayer. Sephardim place the mezuzah vertically. I was most impressed with the online representative, Avi, who went out of his way to help me. A blessing precedes the hanging. 11:13-21.) Subscribe to our chan. 2. On the back of the scroll is written the word Shadai in Hebrew, one of the names of God. Where you marked the door frame is the place where the bottom of the mezuzah should hang. "The parchment and the ink need to be manufactured in a reliable kosher manner, the scribe who writes the prayers has to be properly trained and certified, and every letter and word of the prayer must be written correctly.". Mezuzah has the unique characteristic of protecting the residents of the house, whether the residents are inside or outside the house. In Judaism, the description of God begins with the first letter, Shin, which are used to decorate the mezuzah itself. The Mezuzah reminds the Jewish people of their identity. A stone doorframe found in the ancient Syrian city of Palmyrais etched with the text of theShmaand dates from the third century C.E., but likely reflects a much older custom. The World Famous Mezuzah, as its known, measures 3 feet 7 inches (1 meter and 10 centimeters) andsold in auctionfor $51,361 in 2009. The mitzvah (commandment) of mezuzah is one of the core practices of Jews across religious observance and belief. 11:13-21.) "There are three main things that determine if a mezuzah is kosher," says Avraham Lessin, the Israel project coordinator for MyZuzah. Your email address will not be published. Many recommend checking twice every seven years. In the Talmud, a rich collection of commentary on the Torah written in the first centuries C.E., learned rabbis debated the merits of placing the mezuzah scroll in a protective box made of reeds, wood or metal, and thats the custom that has survived to this day. Even the ink and quill are custom made to meet the necessary requirements. A mezuzah ( , literally "door jamb," plural mezuzot) consists of a piece of parchment enclosed in a case. A Mezuzah is made up of two parts, the case, and the Mezuzah scroll. Can meal replacement shakes help me achieve my wedding weight-loss goal? In Biblical times, the doorpost of a house, due to its visibility to the outside world, represented the family's values and was a place to show identity . 17 How To Get Rid Of Messenger Home 10/2022, 5 Profound Insights From Lao-tzu, Founder of Taoism, Sikhism Explained: What to Know About This Often-Misunderstood Religion. The Zohar explains that the mezuzah protects the inhabitants of the house not only in their. Mezuzah refers to the doorposts - Jews are commanded to write 'these words' on the doorposts of the house and one the gates, and the pa. In the ancient times, no another nation was given the privilege to . The "World Famous Mezuzah," as it's known, measures 3 feet 7 inches (1 meter and 10 centimeters) and sold in auction for $51,361 in 2009. The commandment appears twice in the book of Deuteronomy in connection with two of the most important prayers in Judaism, known as the Sh'ma (or Shema) and the V'ahavta. The mezuzah opens up and inside is the Shema prayer, written on a small piece of parchment. A stone doorframe found in the ancient Syrian city of Palmyra. The mezuzah as it is known is actually a piece of parchment, called a klaf, with specific verses from the Torah that is then placed inside a mezuzah case, which is then affixed to the doorposts of a Jewish home. 3. The principal behind the mezuzah is a beautiful thing, says Shapero. MEZUZAH. It is a mystical name for . What Is that Flame-Like Light Above the Ark? The scroll inside of the mezuzah looks like this in Hebrew: The translation in English is: Hear, O Israel, the L -rd is our G -d, the L- rd is one. A mezuzah is affixed to the right side of the door as one enters the room. 11:13-21.) 6 Mysterious Numbers in the Bible and What They Mean. A mezuzah () is a kosher parchment scroll (inscribed with Deuteronomy 6:4-9 and 11:13-21 on one side and the word Shaddai on the other side) that is rolled up and inserted into a decorative case. A mezuzah is affixed to the doorframe in Jewish homes to fulfill the mitzvah (Biblical commandment) to inscribe the words of the Shema "on the doorposts of your house" (Deuteronomy 6:9). "The mezuzah is a symbol that connects, protects, and unites Jews. This was supposed to be the summer that Joseph Rubin got a job before heading off to college in the fall. The prayer is recited in Hebrew, but in English it says, "Blessed are You, Lord our God, King of the Universe, Who sanctified us with His commandments, and commanded us to affix a mezuzah.". Mezuzah is a Hebrew word meaning doorpost. Inside every decorative mezuzah is a tightly wound scroll that contains the two most sacred prayers in Judaism (These are the verses of Deut. Sephardic Jews (who come from the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa) traditionally hang it straight. The case is then affixed to a doorway in fulfillment of the commandment given in Deuteronomy 6:9, "And you shall write them upon the doorposts (mezuzot) of your house, and upon your . being basically an acronym of the terms , ), a scribe who has been trained to carve a quill and write with the proper calligraphy. The World Famous Mezuzah, as its known, measures 3 feet 7 inches (1 meter and 10 centimeters) and sold in auction for $51,361 in 2009. But the most important thing to remember when hanging a mezuzah is to say the prayer that goes along with themitzvah. That's the tradition among Ashkenazi Jews (those with an Eastern European background) who tell a story of two rabbis who struck a compromise between hanging the mezuzah vertically or horizontally. The Mezuzah serves as a constant reminder of G-d's presence and of every Jewish person's obligations towards Him. The word mezuzah means doorpost in Hebrew. If the letters are damaged or unreadable in any way, then a new, kosher scroll must take its place. The Hebrew word mezuzah simply means doorpost; however, the doorpost of a house can be a sign of what a particular house epitomizes. The most popular custom is to touch the mezuzah every time you pass it and then kiss your fingertips as a sign of affection for the sacred prayers held inside. What Is Yours? The parchment (the , -9 and 11:13-21. For a mezuzah text to be kosher, no two letters can touch, no letter can have a break in it, every letter must be clearly distinguishable, no misspellings or omissions are allowed, and the scribe must say a prayer to sanctify the name of God every time he writes it on the page (by custom,sofersare all men). consists of a piece of parchment enclosed in a case. On the back of the scroll is written the word Shadai in Hebrew, one of the names of God. mezuzah Written by Sandy Eisenberg Sasso Illustrated by Joani Keller Rothenberg The Torah instructs the Jewish people twice to hang a mezuzah on their doorposts The . On the Klaf the verses Deuteronomy 6:9-4 and 11:13-21 are written. Answer (1 of 2): The case is the mezuzah. Commandment to recite these passages every morning and evening. The most expensive mezuzah ever sold is also one of the largest ever made. Mezuzahs are one way to keep this commandment. The ink for a mezuzah scroll must be sourced from a handful of kosher purveyors who make jet-black ink from a short list of approved ingredients: iron sulfate,gall nuts(a woody deformation that grows on oak trees as a reaction to wasp eggs), tree sap and water. Any room that has two doorposts and an overhead lintel requires a mezuzah, so one should check with a rabbi. The Shema is the most important prayer in Judaism because it reminds Jewish people that there is only one God. "Whether or not you're Jewish, the focus on family, on tradition and on teaching respect for others inside your home is very important. Indigenous Women Keep Vanishing on Canadas Highway of Tears, The Nose Knows: 5 Questions to Ask Before a Septum Piercing, The X Factor: Why Some Advocates Prefer Latine to Latinx. Inside every decorative mezuzah is a tightly wound scroll that contains the two most sacred prayers in Judaism (These are the verses of Deut. The Mezuzah should be placed inside a protective case. Even if you're not Jewish, Shapero says that it's a blessing for the doorposts of any home to be graced with a mezuzah. On the back of the scroll is written the word Shadai in Hebrew, one of the names of God. Browse 165 mezuzah stock photos and images available, or search for jewish or torah to find more great stock photos and pictures. Sephardic Jews (who come from the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa) traditionally hang it straight. The scroll itself should be a type of kosher parchment called klaf thats made from the skin of calf embryos, which are considered the most pliable and the most spiritually pure, says Lessin. And these things that I command you today shall be upon your heart. The Mezuzah Case. Many mezuzah cases hold just the first letter, shin. The mezuzah opens up and inside is the Shema prayer, written on a small piece of parchment. The blessing is said while holding the mezuzah, just before affixing it to the doorpost: , - , : Sometimes on the outside of the container, and customarily on the outside roll of the scroll is written , Shaddai, Almighty, which some say is an acronym for Shomer Daltot Yisrael, Guardian of Israels Doors (also seen above the Ark in our Sanctuary). The most important component of a mezuzah is the scroll itself, says Shapero. Copyrights, All rights reserved to Israel-Catalog.com 2000-2022. . A stone doorframe found in the ancient Syrian city of Palmyra is etched with the text of the Sh'ma and dates from the third century C.E., but likely reflects a much older custom. Although the text is identical, the actual script of 'font' varies somewhat. The front door is the primary place to hang a mezuzah, but some observant Jews affix them to interior doors, too. Commandment to love Gd. If even one letter of the text is missing, the mezuzah may not be used. Why does Jewish law forbid gifts to an unborn child? Inside every decorative mezuzah is a tightly wound scroll that contains the two most sacred prayers in Judaism (These are the verses of Deut. The front door is the primary place to hang a mezuzah, but some observant Jews affix them to interior doors, too. The Mezuzah has great spiritual significance for the people of God because without it, the temptation to forget what God requires of them will be stronger and more people are bound to sin and rebel against the Lord. It is an external marker that Jews proudly live here and that were not afraid to say so.. The Mezuzah scroll basically contains two paragraphs from the Torah. Israel catalog is the leading Internet retail online store for Israeli made products and Jewish themed gifts, our offices are located in Israel, ensuring you get real genuine, made in Israel products from a verified Israeli source. It takes a trained sofer between two and three hours to carefully write the Hebrew prayers on a mezuzah scroll. If you choose that method, have the top of the mezuzah angled toward the house. It takes a trainedsoferbetween two and three hours to carefully write the Hebrew prayers on a mezuzah scroll. It Contains the Shema. Inside every decorative mezuzah is a tightly wound scroll that contains the two most sacred prayers in Judaism (These are the verses ofDeut. Lessin himself is a certified Jewish scribe known as a sofer. Theres a similar custom with Torah scrolls. Special Offer on Antivirus Software From HowStuffWorks and TotalAV Security, A stone doorframe found in the ancient Syrian city of Palmyra. A certified sofer like Lessin has undergone rigorous training to compose every letter of the Hebrew alphabet in precise calligraphy. On the outside of the mezuzah the Hebrew letter shin . . The mezuzah is a reminder of God's presence and commandments. 6: 4-9] and 'Vehaya im shamo'a' [Deut 11:13-21]. Typically, today, it's common to see the parchment placed inside a decorative case, and that affixed TO the doorpost of the home. With these cases one only needs to remove the plug and possibly one screw to remove and reinsert the Mezuzah. 6. The mezuzah opens up and inside, written on a rolled up piece of parchment are specific verses from the Torah. The Shema, in its long form, is the affirmation of God's oneness, and includes the commandments to teach holy words to your children, to love God wherever you are, and to write these very words on the doorposts of your house . Needed to send a gift to arrive at Dad's hotel in Israel, and it had to be super quick. Inside the box is a parchment scroll with verses from the Torah inscribed on it, including the Shema prayer (Deuteronomy 6:4-9, 11:13-21). However a woman is absolutely obligated in affixing a mezuzah on her doorway as the Rambam writes ( : ) succinctly: . They are written in in one column on one sheet. It is placed in the lower part of the top third of the doorway, at a slant with the lower part toward you as you head into the room. What Is Inside that Mezuzah? AskMosesTV VIA: http://www.askmoses.comASK YOUR QUESTION NOW - 24/6What is a mezuzah?A. Its etymology is obscure; it has been suggested that it is derived from the Assyrian manzazu, but this is by no means certain.The Bible twice enjoins (Deut. According to tradition, the mezuzah is to be affixed to the doorpost at the entrance to a Jewish home as well as at the entrance to each of the interior rooms except for bathrooms. Your email address will not be published. There's a similar custom with Torah scrolls. The parchment and the ink need to be manufactured in a reliable kosher manner, the scribe who writes the prayers has to be properly trained and certified, and every letter and word of the prayer must be written correctly.. Put the mezuzah in place on the top third of your doorpost at an angle with the . For thousands of years, Jewish families have marked the doorposts of their home in fulfillment of a commandment written in the Torah (the first five books of the Hebrew Bible starting with Genesis). Those same kosher qualifications apply to all the sacred texts in Judaism, including handwritten Torah scrolls and the leatherbound prayer boxes (phylacteries) known as tefillin that also contain tiny scrolls of parchment. The scroll inside the mezuzah is written in Hebrew. In fact, several of those words need better definition before we can be confident we are fulfilling the mitzvah properly. "The decorative case is a way of making it prettier and elevating the practice, but the scroll is really what the commandment is all about.". When God is about to pronounce the 10th and final plague on theEgyptians the death of the firstborn sons he commands the Jewish people to mark their doorposts with blood from a sacrificial lamb so that the destroyer will pass over them and let their children live. It is important to note that a Sephardic Mezuzah is perfectly kosher for Ashkenazi Jews and vise versa. It has to be written on parchment. The original meaning of the word mezuzah is "doorpost" (cf. The law calls for a mezuzah to be placed on every doorpost of the home, with the exception of bathrooms and closets. The concept of a mezuzah comes from the Torah, where we read, "And you shall inscribe them on the doorposts (mezuzot) of your house and on your gates" (Deuteronomy 6:9, 11:20). The front door is the primary place to hang a mezuzah, but some observant Jews affix them to interior doors, too. Some people also wear a mezuzah on a necklace. Included in those verses is the. Thats the tradition among Ashkenazi Jews (those with an Eastern European background) who tell a story of two rabbis who struck a compromise between hanging the mezuzah vertically or horizontally. The, case can be made of almost anything, as long as it allows access to the, (kosherness) periodically. The scroll part is the actual part of the Mezuzah. The mezuzah is affixed to the doorposts of the Jewish house, most every door (except bathrooms or very small rooms that people do not regularly use). However the product (Max Brenner chocolates) were not wrapped as they were in the illustration and the boxes were not even properly sealed. Lessin himself is a certified Jewish scribe known as asofer. 6:4-9, a passage known as the Shema. And you shall teach them to Whether or not youre Jewish, the focus on family, on tradition and on teaching respect for others inside your home is very important. The most expensive mezuzah ever sold is also one of the largest ever made. The quill might be made of a reed, as in ancient times, or of a feather, and the ink must be indelible. However, if you wish, you can contract a sofer to write a mezuzah without these mystical additions. . But one actual commandment is to inspect the scroll inside your mezuzah twice every seven years. word mezuzah literally means "doorpost," but it actually refers to the scroll -- or klaf--enclosed in the ornamental case. The mezuzah itself consists of a small scroll of parchment (k'laf ) on which are written two biblical passages. "What's a Mezuzah and What's Inside the Case?" Peel back the paper on one side of the double-sided-tape and apply to the open side of the mezuzah case, covering the klaf. Learn all about the mezuzah in Jewish tradition, and how you can hang a mezuzah in your home! Inside every decorative mezuzah is a tightly wound scroll that contains the two most sacred prayers in Judaism (These are the verses of Deut. The general rule is to place a mezuzah on doors leading to rooms in which you eat or sleep (bedrooms, dining room, kitchen) but not on bathroom doors or the door to the garage, says Shapero. In order for it to be a "kosher" mezuzah, the scroll must be written on parchment of a clean animal. A mezuzah (Hebrew: "doorpost"; plural: mezuzot) is a piece of parchment, known as a klaf, contained in a decorative case and inscribed with specific Hebrew verses from the Torah (Deuteronomy 6:4-9 and 11:13-21).These verses consist of the Jewish prayer Shema Yisrael, beginning with the phrase: "Hear, O Israel, the Lord (is) our God, the Lord is One". Even if youre not Jewish, Shapero says that its a blessing for the doorposts of any home to be graced with a mezuzah. Contrary to popular belief, the mezuzah is not the outer case, but the mezuzah scroll inside containing the text of the most famous Jewish prayer, the Shema. . A stone doorframe found in the ancient Syrian city of Palmyra is etched with the text of the Shma and dates from the third century C.E., but likely reflects a much older custom. While not much is known about the long history of the mezuzah, it's believed that Jews originally followed the commandments in Deuteronomy by writing or inscribing the prayers (or key words from the prayers) directly on the doorposts of their homes (it may have even been borrowed from a similar Egyptian tradition). The scroll itself should be a type of kosher parchment called klaf that's made from the skin of calf embryos, which are considered the most pliable and the most spiritually pure, says Lessin. A true kosher mezuzah more on that in a second will contain a small window through which the name of God is visible. If you're not Jewish, you may be unfamiliar with the small decorative case affixed to the right door frame of some homes or apartments. The letters must be written according to halacha (Jewish Law), and every letter and word must be correct. The words must be handwritten by an expert scribe well-versed in the intricacies of the script and its laws. "The most important component of a mezuzah is the scroll itself," says Shapero. 12:7). "The principal behind the mezuzah is a beautiful thing," says Shapero. That case is called a mezuzah, and while the eye-catching designs on its outside get most of the attention, its whats on the inside of a mezuzah that really counts. The first time the word appears in the Torah is in the Exodus account of Moses freeing the Israelites from bondage under Pharoah. (It is not to be attached to . There are many online Judaica stores where you can buy a kosher replacement scroll. home but also from the time they leave the house until they return home: "Not only is a man protected in his house, but G-d protects him both when he goes out and when he comes in, as it is written, 'G-d shall guard thy going out and thy coming in . This is a very special piece of Judaica, and as such, many people like to make the case beautiful as well as protective. Its a reminder of our personal Jewish identity, who we are as a people and the values that are important to us, says Alex Shapero, program director atMyZuzah, an organization that provides kosher, fair trade mezuzahs to homes around the world. While the later commandments in Deuteronomy to hang a mezuzah have nothing to do with warding off plagues, the practice still resonates with modern Jews, offering rich spiritual blessings and even physical protections to those who observe it. You may have seen mezuzahs that are hung at a 45-degree angle instead of straight up and down. There are three main things that determine if a mezuzah is kosher, says Avraham Lessin, the Israel project coordinator for MyZuzah. The decorative case is a way of making it prettier and elevating the practice, but the scroll is really what the commandment is all about.. Shu"t Binyan Tziyyon 89, dated 20 Tammuz 5615 (1855 . Many, It is probably worth another of these boxes to discuss the mysticism and superstition around, What Is My Hebrew Name? In the Talmud, a rich collection of commentary on the Torah written in the first centuries C.E., learned rabbis debated the merits of placing the mezuzah scroll in a protective box made of reeds, wood or metal, and that's the custom that has survived to this day. ), parchment scroll affixed to the doorpost of rooms in the Jewish home. Nowadays all mezuzos are written with 'Shaddai' and 'kuzu bemuchsuz kuzu' on their backs. People also asked . custom. In the plural form, the Hebrew word for mezuzah is mezuzot but again, in English, there are varied spellings: mezuzahs, mezzuzahs, mezzuzzahs, etc., and the transliteration, mezuzot, mezzuzot, mezuzzot, etc. On the back of the scroll is written the word Shadai in Hebrew, one of the names of God. In Deuteronomy, after recording each of the prayers, God commands his people to "write" them "upon the doorposts of your house and upon your gates.". The commandment appears twice in the book of Deuteronomy in connection with two of the most important prayers in Judaism, known as the Shma (or Shema) and the Vahavta. The commandment appears twice in the book of Deuteronomy in connection with two of the most important prayers in Judaism, known as theShma(or Shema) and theVahavta. The process of putting up a mezuzah is also a special ceremony and involves a blessing and is done in a particular way and attached to a specific place on the doorpost. The general rule is to place a mezuzah on doors leading to rooms in which you eat or sleep (bedrooms, dining room, kitchen) but not on bathroom doors or the door to the garage, says Shapero. Avi (customer rep online) checked warehouse availability for me, suggested a fast way to send it, and since time was short, he started the process without me even having to do the process through the site. The word "Shaddai" is related to G-d in some way, but that is also at. It's not all that unusual to discover that rolled inside that decorative mezuzah case you purchased in Israel or at your local Jewish gift shop, is not the scribe's handiwork on parchment, but a piece of printed paper. In the Judaism, the mezuzah is a ubiquitous symbol. In some homes, you will find a, on every door jamb (except bathrooms, closets, and the like). "Remove the scroll and gently examine it to make sure that it's not damaged in any way from water, the sun or insects," says Shapero. On the back of the scroll is written the word Shadai in Hebrew, one of the names of God. What Is a Christian Mezuzah? A true kosher mezuzah more on that in a second will contain a small window through which the name of God is visible. Special indelible ink written with a distinctive quill pen are used. It can be spelled many different ways; mezuzah, mezzuzah, and mezuzot. Originally Published August 17-18, 2018. , just before affixing it to the doorpost: , - , : Sometimes on the outside of the container, and customarily on the outside roll of the scroll is written , Almighty, which some say is an acronym for, , Guardian of Israels Doors (also seen above the Ark in our Sanctuary). If words or individual letters have been damaged, then its probably no longer kosher. The person and the equipment and the method must all be kosher. The parchment must have been made for the purpose of being used for a mitzvah. 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