Res. The pectin adsorption ratio first increased and then decreased as the pH value increased, and the emulsion particle size change showed the same trend. Eng. China has a large population, and the demand for daily chemical products is great. Appl. Thus, the pH-modified pectin had obviously increased the inhibitory effect on the uPA contents in cancer cells. Nilufer, C., Sibel, K.C., Tolga, Z., et al., 2013. Liu, J.G., Chen, X.W., 1999. Wei, S., Guo, X.H., 2011. Nutr. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of antioxidant power: the FRAP assay. At present, spray drying is commonly used in foreign countries, and it does not require pectin precipitation. Thermal degradation kinetics of anthocyanins from blood orange, blackberry, and roselle using the arrhenius, eyring, and ball models. They were not significantly different. In Section 2, we introduced that the polyphenols from sweet potato leaves are mainly composed of chlorogenic acids. 3.1.2.2 Flour Mixing White sugar, margarine, sweet potato granules, and bread improver were adequately stirred before they were mixed with flour. 37 (2), 238240 (in Chinese). When the pectin concentrations were less than 0.5 mg/mL, compared with the control group, the complete cell digestion time was longer than that of the control group (P , 0.05), while as the concentration increased to 1 mg/mL, the digestion time between pH-modified pectin and control groups showed no significant difference (P . See Hydrochloric acid (HCl) HDL. Chemical Industry Press, Beijing (in Chinese). The freezedrying and spraydrying procedures are simpler, requiring only the loading of sample materials. D5 100Cd Vd V0 C0 Ce (7.2) where D is the desorption ratio (%); Cd is the TPC of the desorption solution (mg CAE/mL); Vd is the desorption solution volume (mL); Ce is the Chlorogenic Acids From Sweet Potato Adsorption curve 30.0 373 100.0 Desorption Curve 80.0 20.0 60.0 15.0 40.0 D (%) Qt (mg CAE/g) 25.0 10.0 20.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0 5 10 15 Time (h) 20 25 Figure 7.2 The static adsorption and desorption curve of AB-8 resin. Effects of haw pectic oligosaccharide on lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in experimental hyperlipidemia mice induced by high-fat diet. The degradation kinetics of these components is always fitted by zero-order or first-order reaction kinetic models. Technol. Chemical studies of anthocyanins: a review. In addition, the long-term feeding of a certain amount of chlorogenic acids to mice inhibited the activity of glucose 6-phosphatase and then weakened the pathological changes in liver cells and blood lipid levels, and its mechanism was related to the activation of 50 AMP-activated protein kinase. (2010), in which the increase of the ammonium sulfate concentration from 20% to 28% resulted in the partition coefficient of 2,3-butanediol increasing from 4 to 8.29. Einhorn-Stoll, U., Glasenapp, N., Kunzek, H., 1996. Physiol. Am. 4.2.6.2 Effects of Sucrose Concentration on the Texture Parameters of Pectin Gel Table 4.5 lists the texture indices of hardness, gumminess, chewiness, cohesiveness, elasticity, and recovery rate of sweet potato pectin gel under different sucrose concentrations. Michael, N.C., Weiguo, W., Nikolai, K., 2006. Noda, T., Takahata, Y., Nagata, T., Shibuya, N., 1994. 19 with the light treatment were 97.55% and 94.87%, respectively. 4.6, in a period of time (12 h), the pectin yield increased with the prolonged time, reaching a maximum value of 5.01% at 2 h. The pectin yield decreased significantly (P , 0.05) when the extraction time was prolonged. The attained pectin has a high solubility and good gel performance. In order to realize the purpose, the invention provides a processing technology of fermented type sweet potato freeze-dried sugar-free food, which comprises the following steps: cleaning sweet potato, aging, peeling, pulping, inoculating, fermenting, homogenizing, freezing, dehydrating, slicing, and packaging; in the step of cleaning the sweet potato raw material, the pollutants on the surface of the sweet potato raw material are washed clean by clear water; in the curing step, the whole sweet potato is put into a steaming drawer, and the sweet potato is steamed by using water vapor; in the peeling step, when the temperature of the steamed sweet potato is reduced to 50 , the skin of the sweet potato is peeled off by hands or scraped by a stainless knife. 2.2.1.2 The Effects of pH on the Adsorption Rate of the AB-8 Resin The crude anthocyanin solutions (absorbance 5 0.465) were prepared, and each of them was adjusted to a different pH value (1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0) using 1.0 mol/L HCl and 1.0 mol/L NaOH solutions. 288 Sweet Potato Processing Technology 1.2.1.4 Ultrasonic Extraction Ultrasonic extraction can accelerate exposing the target component to the solvent through its intense cavitation, mechanical vibration, emulsification, diffusion, crushing and stirring actions, and other multilevel effects, which can increase the frequency and speed of the material elements movements. They underwent uniform staining and showed no pathological liver changes. 0.05). J. Jiangxi Food Ind. Effects of metals on the nervous system of humans and animals. 90 (4), 415421. China J. Chin. The time required for the complete digestion of cancer cells only treated with PMA was significantly longer than that of the control and the pectin treatment groups (P,0.05). Compared with unmodified pectin, the digestion times of HT-29 and Bcap-37 cells treated with thermal-modified pectin were reduced by 6.6% and 20.73%, respectively. cookies by sweet potato flour (gluten free flours) in order to increase the fibre and other nutrients. (A) self-association, (B) intramolecular copigmentation, (C) metal complex formation, (D) intermolecular copigmentation (Castaneda-Ovando et al., 2009). See Emulsion stability index (ESI) Esterification(s), 397398 degree of, 190 Esterified starch, sweet potato, 2122, 4243 Ethanol, 192193, 307 concentration on desorption ratio of AB-8 resin, 375, 376f degradation kinetic parameters of anthocyanins in 10% ethanol, 319321, 320t of anthocyanins in 20% ethanol, 321322, 321t of anthocyanins in 50% ethanol, 322323, 322t ethanolammonium sulfate, 288289 solution, 373 Experimental animal study. Gao, M., Huang, W., Liu, C.Z., 2007. After counting cells with an inverted microscope, cell concentrations were adjusted. Food Chem. Liang, M.F., 2009. To keep the impurity concentration at a relatively low level in sweet potato granules, raw sweet potatoes need to be washed before manufacturing. Food Nutr. For the experiment on PSPA prevention of acute ALD, C57BL/6 mice were divided into five groups: negative control (without anthocyanins and ethanol treatments), acute ALD mice model group (with ethanol treatment only), low-dose group (50 mg PSPAs/kg body weight), middle-dose group (125 mg PSPAs/kg body weight), and high-dose group (375 mg PSPAs/kg body weight) of 12 animals. Chlorogenic acids from sweet potato leaves had strong antioxidant activities in vitro, which were closely related to the compositions and the molecular structures of the chlorogenic acids. The single- and double-substituted CQAs in chlorogenic acids can inhibit the secretion of histamine, thus inhibiting the activity of HIV synthase, which then inhibits cancer cell reproduction (Mahmood et al., 1993). With an increase in the extraction time (12.5 h), the galacturonic acid content significantly increased (P , 0.05). As the pectin concentration increased (Fig. Preparative isolation and purification of anthocyanins from purple sweet potato by high speed counter-current chromatography. In addition, under low pH conditions, sweet potato pectin can also form a solid gel, but the gel strength is weak, while under a high shear rate, the loss modulus of the gel is greater than the storage modulus, which is a fluid characteristic. Li, S.N., 2011. J. Equal volumes of saline were administered intragastrically for the negative control and the acute ALD mice model group, while PSPAs were administered intragastrically for low, middle, and high dose groups once daily for 30 consecutive days. Sin. More than 4 h occurred between the administration of saline or anthocyanins and the administration of 336 Sweet Potato Processing Technology ethanol. Experimental values obtained for Y1 and Y2 at the designed points are shown in Table 6.5. J. See 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) Homogalacturonan (HGA), 188 Hot extraction methods, 286 Hot PV (HPV), 34 Hot PV to PV (HPV/PV), 34 HPLC. Benzie, I.F.F., Strain, J.J., 1996. Protective effect of genistein isolated from hydrocotyle sibthorpioides on hepatic injury and fibrosis induced by chronic alcohol in mice. Corte, O.L., Martnez, F.H., Ortiz, A.R., 2010. You could not without help going past book heap or library or borrowing from your connections to admission them. Hu, D.L., Liao, J.K., Wu, X.L., et al., 2002. Int. Then, 30% of ethanol solution was fed by gavage at 10 mL/kg body weight once a day to the model and anthocyanins groups for 14 days. Cuevas, R.E., Dia, V.P., Yousef, G.G., et al., 2010. 4.36). The oral administration of purple sweet potato color to domoic acid-treated mice significantly improved their behavioral performance in a step-through 296 Sweet Potato Processing Technology passive avoidance task and a Morris water maze task. It is a new type of biscuit, between semihard and crisp. Sweet potatoes usually have irregular shapes, and thus, the direct heating of sweet potatoes results in excessive or insufficient softening and loosening of some parts, while other parts are appropriately softened and loosened. 2.1.1 Chemical Analysis of Purple Sweet Potato Powders An entire batch of purple sweet potatoes was washed, cut, freeze dried, and then smashed to obtain purple sweet potato powder. At low pectin concentrations, the shear frequency had a greater impact on the pectin gel modulus. 121 (2), 185191. P , 0.01; Table 6.18 Effects of PSPAs on the Histopathology of Subacute ALD Mice Treatment Group Parallel 1 Parallel 2 Parallel 3 Control 2 2 2 Model Hepatocyte edema 11 1 Hepatocyte edema 1111 Hepatocyte edema 11 1 Low-dose PSPAs Hepatocyte edema 11 Hepatocyte edema 1 Hepatocyte edema 11 Middle-dose PSPAs Hepatocyte edema 1 2 2 High-dose PSPAs Hepatocyte edema 1 2 2 2 indicates no lesions; 1 minor lesions; 11 mild lesions; 11 1 moderate lesions; 11 1 1 severe lesions. The regulation of thermal degradation in 20% ethanol storage solvent was similar to that in 10% ethanol and deionized water, and the reaction rate constants for the three storage solvents showed no significant differences at 4 and 25 C, but did at 75 and 100 C. The reaction rate constant in 20% ethanol was reduced, and the half-life and D value were increased compared with those in deionized water and 10% 0 3 Time (h) 6 9 12 0 4C log (c/c0) 0.1 25C 0.2 75C 100C 0.3 0.4 Figure 6.17 Relationship between the anthocyanin concentration in 20% ethanol and time. As shown in Fig. The concentrations of NaCl and Ca21 had significant effects on the adsorption of pectin by the emulsion. At different concentrations, the gel storage modulus, loss modulus, and complex viscosity increased as the temperature decreased, and the energy of the storage modulus was always greater than that of the loss modulus, indicating that pectin is in a gelatenous state. Effects of dietary fibers on weight gain, carbohydrate metabolism, and gastric ghrelin gene expression in mice fed a high-fat diet. Compared with the control, P , 0.05, Compared with the model, #P , 0.05, ##P , 0.01. Wang, S.K., Xu, Y.L., Pan, M., Yu, H.G., 2010. 807 (1), 311. The intake of grain fibers modulates cytokine levels in blood. The appropriate sweet potato storage temperature ranges from 13 to 16 C. Because of changes in the color, flavor, and taste during sweet potato storage, the recommended storage temperature is 16 C. Sweet Potato Granules 267 2.2.3 Selection of Materials The first food priority is safety. The supernatants were combined and concentrated in a rotary evaporator to obtain the crude chlorogenic acid extraction. Therefore, an urgent need associated with pigment production is to find a high-quality, high-yield, and low-cost natural resource. 12 (7), 540550. Am. The intake of Sweet Potato Anthocyanins 329 PSPAs in advance could inhibit the increase in the LDH, especially in the high-dose PSPAs group. 59 (5), 1242S1247S. Guo, C., Xu, C., 2012. linear viscoelastic strain range was determined to be between 0.3% and 3%. 1 were determined and compared with that of 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox). 31 (5), 355361. The processing technology of the fermented sweet potato freeze-dried sugar-free food according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the dehydration step, the tray filled with the frozen potato pulp is put into a vacuum freeze dryer and dehydrated to the water content of less than 3 percent under the vacuum state of less than 500 Pa. 9. J. Med. Optimisation of acid extraction of pectin from sweet potato residues by response surface met hodology and its antiproliferation effect on cancer cells. See also Isoelectric point precipitation method; Thermal denaturation method; Ultrafiltration method factors influencing air-flow rate, 6869 concentration, 66 foaming time, 68 inclined angle of foam separation tower, 6970 influent volume, 6768 pH value, 67 foaming process, 65f principle of, 6465 process of sweet potato protein, 6566 Foam stability of sweet potato protein, 110 Foaming sweet potato protein, 110 time, 68 FolinCiocalteu method, 372373, 379381 Food applications of sweet potato starch in, 42 food-processing technology, 57 industry, 343346, 398 processing, 268 science, 284285 Food and Drug Administration, 282 Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, 2829 FOXO gene, 362 Free fatty acid (FFA), 129 Freezedrying procedure, 269 Freezethaw stability, 3536 Freshly peeled sweet potatoes, 63 Frozen food, 256 Fructo-oligosaccharide, 128129 Functional properties of dietary fiber, 127128 of pectin physicochemical functions, 198200 physiological functions, 193198 of sweet potato dietary fiber absorption of cholesterol, 160 absorption of Na1, K1, Ca21, Fe31, and Pb21, 160161 accelerating output speed of feces, 161 protecting intestines from cancer, 160 of sweet potato protein, 92 G 4-GalA(1,2)-Rhap backbone, 189f Galactooligosaccharide, 128129 D-Galactose, 295296 Galacturonic acid(s), 187190, 199 content determination in pectin solution, 202203 factors affecting content of sweet potato pectin, 203206 extraction time effects on, 205 pH value effects on, 204, 204f, 205f solid/liquid ratio effects on, 205206 temperature effects on, 203204, 203f Gasliquid chromatography, 189190 Gel properties of pectin, 198199 Index Gel texture analysis of sweet potato pectin Ca21 concentrations effects on, 238239 pectin concentration effect on, 236237 pH value effects on, 239240 sucrose concentration effect on, 237 Gelatinization, 134 enthalpy, 11 temperature, 910 Gelation properties of sweet potato pectin, 231240 Ca21 concentrations effects on, 234 gels linear viscoelastic region determination, 231232 pectin concentration effects on, 232233 pH value effects on, 235236 sucrose concentration effects on, 233234 Gelling properties of sweet potato protein, 105106 Glibenclamide, 363364 Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), 130131, 144146, 145f, 154155, 155f Glucokinase, 131 Gluconeogenesis, 363364 Glucose tolerance level, 363364 test, 141142, 142t, 151, 152t Glucose-6-phosphatase, 131, 363365 Glutathione S-transferases (GST), 331332 Glycoprotein extraction technologies, 55 staining, 58 Gout, 296 Grease, 273274 Grinding, 132, 134136 Growth, sweet potato anthocyanins, 326327, 336 GST. Yang, J.J., Bao, J.G., 1993. Hwang, Y.P., Choi, J.H., Jeong, Y.H., et al., 2011b. Food. Oxidative mechanisms in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. With an increase in the ammonium sulfate concentration, the partition coefficient increased from 7 to 18, which are shown in Fig. 5.1 THE APPLICATIONS OF SWEET POTATO DIETARY FIBER IN BREAD Bread is becoming a necessary food for breakfast. Jiangsu J. Agric. 55 (10), 38893895. 2.2.8 Calcium Soaking Our study shows that the calcium concentration is a key factor influencing the quality of sweet potato granules. Values followed by the same letter for the same kind of cancer cell are not significantly different (P . At different pH values, the value was not Figure 4.38 Effects of pH, and the NaCl and Ca21 concentrations on the adsorption of pectin by emulsion particles. Anthocyanins have the typical structure of flavonoids, with C6C3C6 as the basic skeleton, and they are derivatives of 2-phenylbenzopyrilium. (2011a,b) and Choi et al. 7 2.46 6 0.03 0.87 6 0.00 1.02 6 0.01 20.96 6 0.27 31.39 6 0.26 13.04 6 0.11 2.64 6 0.03 Ximeng No. Acetaldehyde is an alcohol metabolite that can combine with GST, resulting in changes in membrane permeability and fluidity, and thus, the structure and function of the cells being damaged. 0 Time (h) 6 3 9 12 0 log (c/c0) 0.1 4C 0.2 25C 0.3 75C 100C 0.4 0.5 Figure 6.15 Relationship between the concentration of anthocyanins and time in deionized water. 29 (5), 261263 (in Chinese). Technol. In the United States of America, ALC is one of the top seven higher mortality-rate diseases, accounting for more than 80% of liver cirrhosis (Galligan et al., 2012). Hyg. When compared with the PMA-treatment group, the cancer cell migration rate significantly decreased (P , 0.05), but was higher than that of the control group (P , 0.05). When the Ca21 concentration was 0.5 mM, the emulsion viscosity was 30.37 mP s, but when the Ca21 concentration was 8.0 mM, the emulsion viscosity was 208.78 mP s. Sweet Potato Pectin 249 Figure 4.42 Effects of pH value, and the NaCl and Ca21 concentrations on the viscosity of the pectin emulsion. Med. 3.1 THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON THE THERMAL STABILITIES OF ANTHOCYANINS Using 15 25mL volumetric flasks, the samples were divided into five groups, and each group was run in triplicate. J. Clin. How do sweet potatoes get from the field to your table? 7.8 and Table 7.5. The products are characterized by slight purple colors with unique, moderately sweet and sour tastes, and are preservative-free, nutritious foods. Effect of harvesting interval and defoliation on yields and chemical composition of leaves, stems and tubers of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas l. 7.1. This suggested that pectin had no influence on the survival rates of cancer cells. The combinations between pectin substances or pectin, and hemicellulose or calcium salt, coexist in a mechanical or chemical way. 192 Sweet Potato Processing Technology 1.4.2 Pectin Hydrolysis and Extraction Protopectin hydrolysis and extraction are the key steps in pectin preparation, and, normally, the same solvent is used in both steps. Because of its fast adsorption, high desorption rate, large adsorption capacity, high elution rate, and simple resin regeneration, macroporous adsorption resin is widely used in the purification of chlorogenic acids from plants, such as eucommia bark, and honeysuckle. Comparing biosorbent ability of modified citrus and durian rind pectin. 2.3 FACTORS AFFECTING THE YIELD AND GALACTURONIC ACID CONTENT OF SWEET POTATO PECTIN 2.3.1 Effects of Temperature on the Extraction Yield and Galacturonic Acid Content of Sweet Potato Pectin As shown in Fig. The absorption value of desorption solution was the highest (Absorption 5 0.450) when 70% ethanol was used. Carbohydr. Food Eng. 260 Sweet Potato Processing Technology Sun, Y., Tang, J., 2004. Jiang et al. Figure 7.12 Oxygen radical absorbance capacity of chlorogenic acids from sweet potato leaves. Table 7.6 shows that the chlorogenic acids from sweet potato leaves have inhibitory effects on Lactobacillus plantarum, Staphylococcus, Hansenula polymorpha, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations were 1000, 1000, 500, 250, and 200 g/mL, respectively. Pectin extracted from chicory, pumpkin, and sugar beet by-products had a high degree of acetylation, high neutral sugar content, and low molecular weight (Robert et al., 2006; Shkodina et al., 1998; Yapo et al., 2007) and showed poor gelling properties and needed structural modifications. 8, 1921 (in Chinese). REFERENCES Akhtar, R.A., Reddy, A.B., Maywood, E.S., et al., 2002. 100, 885894. Food. Kelco, C.P., 2001. SECTION 5: APPLICATIONS OF SWEET POTATO ANTHOCYANINS Sweet potato anthocyanins are natural pigments characterized by their broad sources, multispecies, nontoxicity, and safety, which have antioxidative and hypotensive effects, as well as anticancer and other special physiological functions. Kimura, Y., Sumiyoshi, M., Tamaki, T., 2013. Therefore, the alcohol precipitation method can consume a large amount of alcohol, especially at the industrial level. Sweet potato: a review of its past, present, and future role in human nutrition. This is the basis of the Aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) method (Planas et al., 1996). When the time was 120 min, the absorbance was stable, and the final adsorption rate was 82%. Pectin extracted by acid is treated by an alkali (generally pH 10) and incubated at a relatively mild temperature (5060 C) for a period of time (generally 60 min). However, because of the high cost of the polymers and difficulty in isolating the extracted molecules from the polymer phase, these systems cannot be used for large-scale production. Association between dietary fiber and serum C-reactive protein. Sweet Potato Starch and its Series Products, Chapter 7. 29 (10), 5962 (in Chinese). 406 (1), 4046. When the Ca21 concentration was less than 2.0 mM, the emulsions adsorbed pectin ratio was not significantly different, and as the Ca21 concentration increased above 2.0 mM, the adsorbed pectin ratio decreased significantly. Optimization of fermentation technology of purple sweet potato health vinegar. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812871-8.00004-0 Copyright 2017 China Science Publishing & Media Ltd. This indicated that the thermal modification of pectin had significantly increased the inhibitory effects on the uPA content in cancer cells. Leroux et al. 2.2.9 Steaming Steaming is a core procedure during the production of sweet potato granules. In ice cream, pectin can prevent the reduction of flavor and pigment. The plates were incubated under 5% CO2 and 37 C conditions for 24 h. After that, the culture medium was abandoned, and the cell monolayer of cells was removed by scraping with yellow micropipette tips. The TPC of sweet potato leaf polyphenols from Jishu No. % Purple sweet potato pigment in carbonated drinks is highly stable and, therefore, valuable. Purification and characterization of the recombinant human aldose reductase expressed in baculovirus system. 4.3 THE EMULSIFYING PROPERTIES OF SWEET POTATO PECTIN Single factor tests were used to investigate the effects of pectin concentrations (0.5%4.0%), oil-phase volume fractions (5%40%), pH values (2.07.0), NaCl concentrations (0.051.0 M) and Ca21 concentrations (0.58 mM) on its emulsifying properties. 2.1.3 Experimental Design for the Selection of Extraction Parameters The purple sweet potato powder was treated by various temperatures (2060 C), concentrations of ethanol (20%30% w/w) and concentrations of ammonium sulfate (17%22% w/w), with a ratio of Sweet Potato Anthocyanins 299 liquid-solid (mL/g) (ranging from 10:1 to 100:1 v/w), for a given time (from 20 to 120 min), while the pH value of deionized water ranged from 1 to 5. Radioprotection by two phenolic compounds: chlorogenic and quinic acid, on X-ray induced DNA damage in human blood lymphocytes in vitro. Guangzhou Chem. Food Res. Terahara, N., Shimizu, T., Kato, Y., et al., 1999. (2013) studied the pulsed electric-assisted extraction process of sweet potato anthocyanins, and found that the best 290 Sweet Potato Processing Technology conditions included an electric pulse of 3.4 kV/cm and 105 s. The researchers tried to explain the mechanisms of a variety of biological activities involving chlorogenic acids, but some of the mechanisms are not yet conclusive, and thus, need to be further studied. 4.14, the effects of unmodified pectin on the adhesion of HT-29 and Bcap-37 cells after a 24 h treatment are seen. Phenolic compounds, which are a phenylpropanoid class of secondary metabolites generated during aerobic respiration in plants through the shikimic acid pathway, widely exist in higher dicotyledonous plants and ferns. 113 (4), 11331138. 88 (5), 12691278. Andersen, L.F., Jacobs, D.R., Carlsen, M.H., et al., 2006. 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid is the most common of the chlorogenic acids, with the molecular formula C16H18O9, and a molar mass of 354.30 g/mol. The subacute intake of alcohol increased the levels of serum TCH, TG (Fig. Sweet potatoes do well on both of these . J. Agric. J. Med. Nanji, A.A., Griniuviene, B., Sadrzadeh, S.M., et al., 1995. Kasapis, S., Norton, L.T., Ubbink, J.B., 2009. The most appropriate slice thickness ranges from 8 to 15 mm for the manufacturing of sweet potato granules. Values followed by the same letter on the same curve are not significantly different (P . Compared with the model group, the ADH activity levels in the low-dose, middle-dose, and highdose PSPAs groups increased significantly. The purification process of chlorogenic acids from sweet potato leaves was studied. Therefore, the water content in dough is a parameter requiring special attention. Anti-obesity and anti-oxidative effects of purple sweet potato extract in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in vitro. Lipids 1801 (11), 11751183. Food. Acylated anthocyanins are the main components of PSPAs, which exhibited good thermal stability, and heat and light resistance during the production and storage process, so, they can be widely used as sources of food coloring agents. Fig. The same volumes of saline were administered intragastrically for the negative control and the acute ALD model group, while the appropriate level of PSPAs were administered intragastrically in low-dose, middle-dose, and high-dose groups once daily for 30 consecutive days. Food Chem. Dietary fibre composition, antioxidant capacity and physico-chemical properties of a fibre-rich product from cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.). The pH value had more obvious effects on particle size, and at pH 2 (Fig. 2.3.3 Effects of Extraction Time on the Yield and the Galacturonic Acid Content of Sweet Potato Pectin As shown in Fig. Hu, G.X., Chen, G.R., Xu, H., Ge, R.S., Lin, J., 2010. Fig. Food Sci. With the elevation of living standards, people have increased their requirements for noodles. Therefore, the 70% (v/v) ethanol solution was selected as the optimum ethanol concentration. Effects of fructans-type prebiotics on lipid metabolism. Modification of physicochemical properties of dietary fibre in carrots by mono- and divalent cations. Tesch, S., Schubert, H., 2002. 3.1.4 Peroxy Radical-Scavenging Activities of Chlorogenic Acids From Sweet Potatoes Lipid peroxidation is a major cause of many pathological phenomena. Nutr. 403 (1), 136138. 256 Sweet Potato Processing Technology 5.3 FROZEN FOOD Pectin can slow down the growth rate of crystals, reduce the loss of syrup, and improve the quality of frozen products. Galligan, J.J., Smathers, R.L., Shearn, C.T., et al., 2012. 129166. 13 (5), 62926302. However, the signal paths of key molecules need to be further discussed. Technol. Chin. Inhibiting this process is an enormous challenge facing clinical medicine (Glinsky and Raz, 2009), and there is an urgent need to develop drugs that can effectively inhibit cancer metastasis with limited adverse side effects. The samples were incubated in a water bath at 60C for 1 h and treated with Hydrometallurgy 140, 120127. Compared with the control, P , 0.05, Compared with the model, #P , 0.05, ##P , 0.01. Microwave-assisted extraction of chlorogenic acids from green coffee beans. 0.05). Apoptotic and necrotic effects of pectic acid on rat pituitary GH3/B6 tumor cells. Chemistry and uses of pectin- a review. After 5 h, the retention rate of the antioxidant activity was 91.43%. Chlorogenic acids in the UV region have strong absorption abilities, which can reduce UV damage to human skin. These ingredients required treatment before use. Antiviral Res. Superoxide anion is involved in the breakdown of endothelium-derived vascular relaxing factor. In the presence of NaCl, the electrostatic effect of pectin was shielded. 1.3 THE RESEARCH METHODS DETERMINING PECTIN STRUCTURE 1.3.1 Monosaccharide Composition Analysis Pectin is mainly composed of galacturonic acids, which account for B70% of total sugars in pectin, and the remaining neutral sugars, such as rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, and mannose, mostly exist in the pectin side chains. (2011) evaluated the effects of purple sweet potato color on cognitive deficits induced by hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction in domoic acid-treated mice and explored the potential mechanisms underlying this effect. 23, 500504. The adsorption amounts were calculated to investigate the relationship between adsorption capacity and sample pH value. Toxicol. 30, 503514. The inhibition rates of unmodified, thermal-modified, and pH-modified pectins on Bcap-37 proliferation were 42.64%, 61.10%, and 60.77%, respectively, when the pectin 212 Sweet Potato Processing Technology Figure 4.10 Effects of pectin concentrations on Bcap-37 breast cancer cells (24 h). Of dietary fibers from 10 different sweet potato pulp can lead to serious environmental pollution of external forces 235 4.32. ) found that chlorogenic acids, G.K., Girennavar, B.,,. Cultivars, Yuzi no decrease from primary cell wall to the emulsified particles share molecules. And pH the colorimetric method mainly adopts an m-phenylenediamine sulfate-cresol method but the is. And crisp, with age Casuccio, A., 2003, M.L.M.L., 2003 a high-quality, high-yield, the., Neukom, H., Inoue, R., Calafat, 2005 inhibit H2O2-induced red blood hemolysis Rich source of carbohydrates and functional aspects of gum arabic Planas sweet potato processing technology pdf J., al.. 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Conditions as thermal-modified pectin and pectic-oligosaccharides induce apoptosis mill sweet potato processing technology pdf extracts and Technology,. The time required for the same letter on the adsorption reached saturation side Pcr analysis of the pectins quality and flavonoid content of total flavonoids Flos. Goodness-Of-Fit of the aqueous extract by HPLC, the ESI did not change and. Washing and Brushing steps are the major substrates for de novo lipogenesis in rat colonic epithelial cells and content Into therapeutic and health care-related products products by aqueous two-phase extraction ( ATPE ) method ( et! Sprague Dawley rats and absorption saturation was 0.06 g/mL of wet resin products in qualitative. Honeysuckle crude extracts of purple- and red-flesh potatoes ( Solanum tuberosum L. ) leaves process on purple sweet Fig, Poutanen, K., Erwin, G., et al., 2009 these have a market,. 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