Resources. (2021) examined the spatiotemporal relationship by associating Twitter-derived mobility and COVID-19 cases in the State of South Carolina. In contrast, Baidu Mobility Index offers inter-city and inter-provinces population flows index with comprehensive big data sources. However, due to data privacy issues, it is difficult to collect such data on a large scale, and these data are less likely to be publicly available. Behind this ability to produce AI generated content (AIGC) is Baidu's ERNIE large-scale AI models for knowledge enhancement, developed based onBaidu's deep learning platform PaddlePaddle. China, U.S., Italy), China, USA, Italy (by state, city, district), Available in countries where there is a booking website, Real-time data but without history data or sometimes web crawling needed, Detailed ridership data, at the station level, Zheng et al. Twitter has become the largest source of social media research data due to its policy of free access to about 1% of its total content (Martn et al. The joint venture EV company of Baidu and Geely is an unprecedented combination in the global auto industry. To request a reprint or commercial or derivative permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. Similarly, Huang, Wang, and Li (2018) combined mobility records from urban transportation and mobile phone signals to achieve comprehensiveness via a high data penetration ratio. BAIDU, INC. : Forcasts, revenue, earnings, analysts expectations, ratios for BAIDU, INC. Stock | BIDU | US0567521085 Baidu believes they have made mobile search much easier-to-use through technologies and new functions like voice search. These cookies are strictly necessary so that you can navigate the site as normal and use all features. Metro data have been used to estimate mobility and examine the relationship between human mobility and ridership. 1195 Bordeaux Drive Sunnyvale, CA 94089Baidu Technology Park, No. Such data integration may assist in the understanding of human activity trends within areas that lack comprehensive human movement tracking information. We encourage researchers and stakeholders to apply comprehensive human mobility data to further monitor, prevent, and control current and future public health emergencies. Mobility data collected via a passive manner (mobile phones and wireless networks) tend to have high representativeness because of their high penetration ratios. The report-based mobility datasets from Google, Apple, Foursquare, and Facebook are highly processed with population movement information aggregated to a specific spatiotemporal scale (mostly showing the daily movement at the county or equivalent levels). Data providers made such mobility data publicly available to facilitate COVID-19 research studies. Given that Baidu operates an L4 autonomous taxi service in a 60km2 area of Beijing, it's not surprising that the list might refer to robocars as "the next generation of vehicles that will give rise to a revolution in transportation," although the company doesn't give too much detail on what that will look like. The Baidu Yizhuang New-Generation Search Data Center is being funded and constructed jointly between China Mobile and Baidu, though financial details of the venture have not been released. Conventional data sources, such as public transit system, have started to provide rich population flows data before the COVID-19 pandemic (see Table 1). These are usually processed through different methods and aggregated at a particular spatial scale (e.g. Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior. The findings of Huangs work coincide with the argument by many scholars that heterogeneous mobility data sources consist of different characteristics that reflect human spatial interactions and dynamics from different yet valuable perspectives (Huang et al. Due to its popularity in software and data management, many mobility data are published on GitHub, such as Descartes Lab Aggregated Mobility Index and Multiscale Dynamic Human Mobility Flow Dataset. Furthermore, index-based mobility data also involve multiple data sources for better data calibration and higher representativeness. The model is able to analyze and automatically archive data in the field of aerospace, helping diagnose equipment failures and provide operation and maintenance recommendations, improving the efficiency of scientific research, and facilitating technological breakthroughs in deep space intelligent sensing, planning and control. Crude Oil Refined Products. Please note: We are unable to provide a copy of the article, please see our help page How do I view content? In the future, we will conduct a broader human mobility data review, combining both conventional small data and new big data. Many COVID-19 studies have been published with common conclusions revealing that restricting human mobility (e.g. Driven by its mission to empower the real economy through AI and support the intelligent transformation of traditional industries, Baidu has continuously sought to lower the threshold of AI application over the past 20 years. Data-driven decision making and automation are being utilized to solve significant challenges faced by our society at unprecedented scale. Since the representativeness of each mobility source depends on the demographics of the service users in relation to the demographics of the local population, it is reasonable to assume that the characteristics of mobility data sources are related to their user profiles. We summarized the mobility data from sources, categories, measures, and characteristics to estimations, applications, challenges, and future data usage of COVID-19 and other infectious disease modeling research. Kaiwu 2.0, an upgraded version of Baidu's industrial internet platform based on Baidu AI Cloud, was officially released at Baidu World 2022, representing a further step forward in bringing AI applicationto more industries. A Near Real-Time Flood-Mapping Approach by Integrating Social Media and Post-Event Satellite Imagery, Estimating and Projecting Air Passenger Traffic During the COVID-19 Coronavirus Outbreak and Its Socioeconomic Impact, Anonymised and Aggregated Crowd Level Mobility Data from Mobile Phones Suggests That Initial Compliance with COVID-19 Social Distancing Interventions was High and Geographically Consistent Across the UK, Influence of Population Mobility on the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic: Based on Panel Data from Hubei, China, Understanding Human Mobility from Twitter, Multiscale Dynamic Human Mobility Flow Dataset in the U.S. during the COVID-19 Epidemic, Understanding COVID-19 Transmission, Health Impacts and Mitigation: Timely Social Distancing is the key, Towards Matching User Mobility Traces in Large-Scale Datasets, The Effect of Human Mobility and Control Measures on the COVID-19 Epidemic in China, Evaluating Apple Inc Mobility Trend Data Related to the COVID-19 Outbreak in Japan: Statistical Analysis, Differential COVID-19 Case Positivity in New York City Neighborhoods: Socioeconomic Factors and Mobility, The Positive Impact of Lockdown in Wuhan on Containing the COVID-19 Outbreak in China, A Survey of Data Fusion in Smart City Applications, Geospatial big Data Handling with High Performance Computing: Current Approaches and Future Directions, Monitoring the Spatial Spread of COVID-19 and Effectiveness of Control Measures Through Human Movement Data: Proposal for a Predictive Model Using Big Data Analytics, Modelling the Evolution Trajectory of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: Experience and Suggestions, Spatiotemporal Patterns of COVID-19 Impact on Human Activities and Environment in Mainland China Using Night-Time Light and air Quality Data, Evaluating the Effects of Public Transport Fare Policy Change Together with Built and Non-Built Environment Features on Ridership: The Case in South East Queensland, Australia, Using Geotagged Tweets to Track Population Movements to and from Puerto Rico After Hurricane Maria, Modeling Human Mobility Responses to the Large-Scale Spreading of Infectious Diseases, Development of an Interoperable Tool to Facilitate Spatial Data Integration in the Context of SDI, Fusing Mobile Phone Data with Other Data Sources to Generate Input OD Matrices for Transport Models, Impact of Travel Patterns on Epidemic Dynamics in Heterogeneous Spatial Metapopulation Networks, Mobile Phone Data for Informing Public Health Actions across the COVID-19 Pandemic Life Cycle, Spatially Explicit Models for Exploring COVID-19 Lockdown Strategies, Contact Tracing During Coronavirus Disease Outbreak, South Korea, 2020, Exploring Urban Spatial Features of COVID-19 Transmission in Wuhan Based on Social Media Data, COVID-19 Outbreak Response, a Dataset to Assess Mobility Changes in Italy Following National Lockdown, COVID-19 Lockdown Allows Researchers to Quantify the Effects of Human Activity on Wildlife, COVID-19 Epidemic in Switzerland: On the Importance of Testing, Contact Tracing and Isolation, Covid-19 and Inter-Provincial Migration in China, Limits of Predictability in Human Mobility, Examining the Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown in Wuhan and Lombardy: A Psycholinguistic Analysis on Weibo and Twitter, Evaluation of the Lockdowns for the SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic in Italy and Spain After one Month Follow Up, Big Data for Transportation and Mobility: Recent Advances, Trends and Challenges, The Effect of Social Distance Measures on COVID-19 Epidemics in Europe: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis, Examining the Change of Human Mobility Adherent to Social Restriction Policies and its Effect on COVID-19 Cases in Australia, Potential for Inter-State Spread of Covid-19 from Arizona, USA: Analysis of Mobile Device Location and Commercial Flight Data, Human Mobility and Socioeconomic Status: Analysis of Singapore and Boston, An Analysis of the Domestic Resumption of Social Production and Life under the COVID-19 Epidemic, Non-Compulsory Measures Sufficiently Reduced Human Mobility in Tokyo during the COVID-19 Epidemic, Taking the Pulse of COVID-19: A Spatiotemporal Perspective, Geographical Detector-Based Spatial Modeling of the COVID-19 Mortality Rate in the Continental United States. tapping machines not working) (Liu, Wang, and Xie 2019). According to America's Rental Housing 2022 report, rental housing demand came roaring back in the second year of the pandemic. Baidu aims to serve as a cornerstone of these efforts, contributing to basic research, basic technology and underlying innovation. 2020; Pan et al. state/province, county/city, and census tract) for public release. However, the historical travel data for these public transit modes are typically not provided. bing. For fiscal year 2021, Baidu's total revenues jumped 16% year-on-year to $19.54bn. Other types of index-based data and social media-derived mobility data have been relatively less prevalent in modeling work, possibly due to the difficulties in data retrieval and processing (Li et al. Numerous efforts have been made to take advantage of survey data to assist a better usage of mobility records collected from other means (Chen et al. For example, navigation apps (e.g. In the US, researchers estimated and shared the estimated daily dynamic OD population flows from SafeGraph at three geographic scales: census tract, county, and state (Kang et al. The event also unveiled Baidu's next-generation fully autonomous vehicle (AV) Apollo RT6, an all-electric, production-ready model with a detachable steering wheel. At the global level, air travel is the primary choice of public transit, and air flight data serve as the indicator of the mobility flow across countries and regions (e.g. Baidu is a leading AI company with strong Internet foundation, trading on the NASDAQ under "BIDU" and HKEX under "9888." While such datasets are often small in size and easy to handle, they offer limited flexibility for studies on different spatiotemporal scales and limited transparency in how these mobility data are generated. Notify (https://canotify.ca.gov/) and Corona 100m (Dudden and Marks 2020). Train and bus data are usually available at the state or city level, whereas metro/subway data may be available at more locally precise scales (e.g. Table 1 lists and compares each group of mobility datasets in terms of provider, region, and scale, available time, origin-destination (OD) flow, availability, strengths, weaknesses, and related references. Connected Mobility Data Marketplace. Such an integration of accurate mobility measures with epidemiological modeling has been approved to improve and optimize model performance (see the additional citation added below). Now that we've ushered in 2022 and closed the chapter on 2021, I look back highly impressed with the resilience of the automotive, mobility, and transportation industries. Such aggregated data indicate the overall patterns or changes of human mobility in a particular spatial unit with less concern about identifiable user-based information. Baidu Research's AI-centric "Top 10 Tech Trends in 2022" report has outlined the Middle Kingdom megacorp's predictions for technology over the coming year. We identified three primary sources of human mobility datasets used in the recent COVID-19 studies and summarized the publicly available datasets categorized within these three primary sources: (1) public transit systems; (2) mobile network operators; and (3) mobile phone applications. This summary of evidence aims to help researchers familiarize themselves with these mobility datasets and select the appropriate data for their studies. In addition to exploring the spatial and temporal pattern of mobility changes, researchers have also enriched their analyses by examining the relationship between human mobility and other variables in specific dimensions. Q3 2022 Earnings Release (Projected) 08/30/22 | 09:00am : Interim 2022 Earnings Call: 08/30/22 | 05:55am : Interim 2022 Earnings Release: 06/27/22 | 10:00pm : Annual General Meeting: Registered in England & Wales No. But progress still requires relentless efforts and new paths for a better future driven by technology. With the increasing availability of and soaring demands for fine-scale human mobility data, more studies are needed to develop novel parallel and scalable computing algorithms and data models to manage, process, and analyze big mobility data in a high-performance computing environment. Kang et al. There is a pressing need to review the human mobility data used in these studies to help researchers understand the spatiotemporal dynamics of the pandemic and to propose a future research agenda that will aid the prevention and control of disease outbreaks. Baidu Mobile Assistant is the application where you can find software for your Android and which we expect to be duly monitored by the Chinese government. Baidu Core non-online marketing revenue was CNY 16.1 billion, up 22% year over year. The first vehicle built by the new EV company could be on the road within three years. Thus, the similarity/disparity of multi-source mobility data can be explained by the spectrum of the population being captured. 2017). They perform functions like preventing the same ad from continuously reappearing, ensuring that ads are properly displayed for advertisers, and in some cases selecting advertisements that are based on your interests. Our AI models, trained with Baidus open-source deep learning platform PaddlePa Baidu at AAAI 2021: Multimodal Transformer, Supervised Quantum Learning, Early Detection of COVID-19 High-Risk Areas. There are two types of public transit data: the scheduled timetable and the actual travel records of passengers. It is optimized through a normalization method to improve the accuracy of positioning data (Warren and Skillman 2020). It will focus on "New Energy Vehicles" (NEVs) for the China market, which includes fully-electric and plug-in hybrid models. Some agencies, such as the Metropolitan Transportation Authority in the U.S., release daily turnstile data and aggregated ridership data (http://web.mta.info/developers/turnstile.html), both of which can be used to estimate travel volume. (2021b) explored the correlation between COVID-19 cases and the place connectivity index summarized from Twitter in Westchester County, New York, which was one of the early COVID-19 hotspots in the U.S. Another dominant application of mobility data is modeling COVID-19 transmission by simulating and predicting the virus spread over a certain period of time. For example, the OpenSky-Network provides freely accessible airline flight data since 2019; however, it does not provide every global flight movement but only those ADS-B-equipped aircraft seen within the coverage (The OpenSky Network 2020). The categorization of mobility data in our review can be used for human mobility studies at individual and aggregated levels as well as across various spatial and temporal scales. 2020b; Fathi-Kazerooni et al. Furthermore, all types of social activity data have been widely used to examine the relationship between human mobility and COVID-19 transmission, possibly due to their large spatial coverage and public availability at different spatial levels. Baidu Mobility Data website Harvard Dataverse: COVID-19 Data Collection: Intra-city movement index: Daily data from Feb. to Mar. 2019; Huang, Wang, and Li 2018; Lau et al. Facebook Movement Range Maps provide similar datasets with two different metrics, Change in Movement and Stay Put, both of which are generated from the mobility data of 27 million Facebook mobile app users with location history turned on. We thank Baidu for making these data public and encourage them to continue to do so. 2020). The public available mobility datasets, such as Google Community Mobility Report, Apple Mobility Data, Baidu Mobility Index, Foursquare Mobility Data, and Descartes Mobility Index, presented in the study are shared and updated by Spatial Data Lab at Harvard University on Harvard Dataverse (https://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataverse/data_ncov). To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. Unacast Social Distancing Index is calculated as the percent change of mobility in average distances traveled, the percent change in non-essential visitation, and the decrease in human encounters compared to the national baseline (Unacast 2020). For index-based mobility data, BMI has been extensively used in Chinese studies to examine how the virus spread was affected by the mobility from or to Wuhan and Hubei Province, where the first wave of COVID-19 appeared (Chen et al. "They will drive autonomously, act as both an intelligent assistant and loyal companion, and be self-learning." As one of the largest social media, Weibo is considered as the "Twitter" in China. In the meantime, many privacy-enhancing technologies have been proposed to ensure individual mobility data are anonymous and unidentifiable. international travel bans, national border closures, lockdown orders, and limited gatherings) is the primary and effective strategy to reduce infections and curb the transmission of COVID-19 (Yang et al. Adjusted EBITDA for Baidu Core was RMB5.1 billion, or $805 million, and adjusted EBITDA margin for Baidu Core was 24%. Oh no, you're thinking, yet another cookie pop-up. Customize Settings. Aggregated datasets of train and bus travel information are available in some countries, such as the U.S. and China. 10 Xibeiwang East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, ChinaMedia Inquiries: intlcomm@baidu.comGeneral Inquries: air-info@baidu.com, Combo-Attention Network for Baidu Video Advertising, ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD) 2020, SONG: Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search on GPU, IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE) 2020, Two-Phase Scheduling for Efficient Vehicle Sharing, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems (TITS) 2020, Improved Touch-screen Inputting Using Sequence-level Prediction Generation, PaddlePaddles Graph Neural Networks Advance Drug Design. Designed respectively to help users improve personal fitness, sleep quality and children's eye health, the new products expand upon Xiaodu's already popular household services, currently bringing the convenience of AI to millions of homes across China. Another example is using high-speed train data to simulate how the virus was transmitted from Wuhan to other regions in China during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic (Zhang et al. From fleet management to targeted advertising, leveraging that data is the key to profit in the new mobility ecosystem. Baidu owns the copyright of all the materials in this website. A full explanation of Trend's relationship with Baidu should be provided. Free cash flow for Baidu excluding iQIYI was RMB 1.1 billion, or $175 million.. Finally, social activity data are appropriate for studies on the different types of human mobility to various places and by various trip modes. "Today, we are in the midst of a major cycle of technological development, with new technologies emerging in almost every industry, from new energy to space exploration, biomedicine, smart manufacturing, and more," Robin Li, Co-founder and CEO of Baidu said at the conference. Contact Us; Data Sites We Love; IHME Data Visualizations; GHDx Instructional Videos; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Population Health Building/Hans Rosling Center, 3980 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA Read our latest research, articles, and reports on the future of mobility on the changes that matter most for the challenges and opportunities ahead. Cuebiq Mobility Index, which is also derived from mobile location data, quantifies how far mobile devices move each day by using a derivative factor indicating the distance between opposite corners of a box drawn around the observed locations (Cuebiq Inc. 2020). . We use cookies to improve your website experience. Really, they do everything. Baidu World 2022 Sees Debut of World-leading AI Innovations to Transform Aerospace, Industries, Mobility and Beyond News provided by Baidu, Inc. Jul 21, 2022, 08:44 ET World's first. The evaluation of urban vitality has been further deepened and refined with real-time and dynamic data (Wang, Liu, Wang, & Fu, 2021). Furthermore, more studies are needed to develop interactive geospatial web portals to allow researchers to query, extract, visualize, and share the derived human mobility data. Apollo Go has provided more than 1 million orders and becoming the world's largest robotaxi service provider. In the same way, CSSDR can be accessed through a submitted application, but only users located within the U.S. can apply for data access. Furthermore, the producers of social activity data and index-based mobility data (e.g. This is the third consecutive year Baidu . 2020). These cookies are used to make advertising messages more relevant to you. Such association is influenced by the spatial arrangement of housing, employment opportunities, and human activities (Xu et al. This value gives a seven day rolling (mean) average to avoid it being distorted by weekends and bank holidays. Without Baidu's permission, no one may use (including but not limited to: illegally copying, disseminating, displaying, mirroring, uploading, downloading) or using unconventional means (such as maliciously interfering with Baidu data) to affect Baidu s normal Service, no one may obtain Baidu data automatically by software program without authorization. Such a high spatiotemporal resolution in a human mobility flow dataset may help monitor epidemic spreading dynamics, inform public health policy, and deepen our understanding of the change of human movement behavior within the current public health crisis. After aggregation, the datasets may become less sensitive and more prone to distribution through the internet. 13.54 %. Such a relationship has been mainly examined through correlation and regression analyses with the consideration of the different time-lag effects of human mobility on COVID-19 transmission (Wang, Liu, and Hu 2020). Descartes Lab Mobility Index (Descartes Lab 2020) is calculated as the median of maximum distance mobility across all position reports within the threshold of 50 meters. Mobile Advertising Platform Market with Tremendous growth by 2029 Alphabet, Facebook, Baidu By A2Z Market Research Published November 3, 2022 New Jersey, United States, Nov 03, 2022. (2020); Ahangari et al. Although they only reflect the scheduled transit and not the actual usage of transit, they can be used as supplements to other types of mobility data. Foursquare Mobility Reports cover only the U.S. and are available at the county and state level with a timeline starting from 1 January 2020. Baidu Research reckons it will further fuse data-driven and theoretical deduction and play a greater role in furthering fundamental discoveries. China Mobile is providing Baidu with 1,388 high . The above mobility-based studies reveal some common findings contributing to the COVID-19 control and intervention as below. Please see the Warranty section below as we make no representation as to the suitability of these data for any purpose. Among them were the world's first large-scale AI model for aerospace research, created in conjunction with China Aerospace, representing significant progress in the development of pre-training large-scale models. Cuebiq Mobility Dashboard data only cover the U.S. and is available in 2020 at multiple geographic levels, including national, state, county, industry vertical, and DMA level. Many attempts have been made to utilize the derived geospatial contexts from social media posts, with the goal of assisting the monitoring of human mobility (Huang et al. 2020). For the full year, ending in January, earnings are expected to decline 5.3% year over year to $7.67, while full-year revenue of $19.24 billion would rise about 2.2% year over year. Understanding human mobility with appropriate mobility data is crucial to urban planning, traffic forecasting (Pan et al. By investigating recent COVID-19 studies from a data-oriented view, our review contributes a comprehensive summary of human mobility open data condensed into data sources, index measures, characteristics, applications, challenges, and future research directions. 2020a) and from Geotagged Tweets support the at county, state, and country level (Li et al. (2020) estimated the daily and weekly dynamic OD population flows at three geographic scales: census tract, county, and state. 2020b; Lau et al. Data-driven decision making and automation are being utilized to solve significant challenges faced by our society at unprecedented scale. 2020; Iacus et al. Costco, Starbucks, Walmart); regions (e.g. Unacast Social Distancing Index is only available in the U.S. by state and county since 24 February 2020. Some of these variables are the number of confirmed cases or deaths, reproductive rate, transmission rate, and doubling time within the pandemic context. For index-based mobility data, Baidu Mobility Index only cover Mainland China from 1 January 2020 to 7 May 2020, and from 22 September 2020 to the present.

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