. True citronella is safe when crushed and applied to the skin, but it is most effective when applied as an oil. Citronella oil, commercially and in the cybermarkets. The EO showed concentration -dependent antifungal activity, similar to amphotericin B and nystatin. Will the Real Citronella Please Stand Up! The action did not involve the cell wall but may involve the fungal plasma membrane. June 2010, Additional Lemongrass contains citronella, a plant oil with pest repelling properties, especially mosquitoes. See more Encyclopedia articles on: Plants. Their effects on inflammatory biomarkers may also contribute to their CNS activity. Updated Dec 2019 / Oct 2014 citronella, common name for a grass, Cymbopogon nardus, the source of oil of citronella, used in perfumes and soaps and as an insect repellent. Study showed a possible anticonvulsant activity of the essential oil. Anticonvulsant / Essential Oil Analysis: Phytochemical analysis of essential oil yielded geraniol, citronellal and citronellol. (7) Is lemon grass and citronella the same plant? The question is, does it work? - Cultivated in the Baguio area. Lemon grass is a really cool grass with a long list of uses. Pelargoniums are often mistakenly called geraniums. Spathate compound panicle large, lax, up to 50 cm. But, scientists say, Citronella is not for consumption while lemon grass is known as a herbal tea drink. Mosquito Repellent / Fumigant: Citronella oil and candles commercially popular as traditional mosquito repellents and household fumigants. In other areas, it is grown as an annual because it dies back during winter. citronella, common name for a grass, Cymbopogon nardus, the source of oil of citronella, used in perfumes and soaps and as an insect repellent. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Planting next to lemongrass provides a rich contrast for the golden leaves while the pungent oil helps prevent other pests. Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt ex Bor is an accepted name. In fact, the Brooklyn Botanic Garden recommends lemon-scented plants such as citronella grass to keep mosquitoes at bay. 8312-8319, 8 August, 2011 / DOI: 10.5897/AJB10.509 It is adapted to grow on a wide variety of soils types, but prefers well-drained soils with pH ranging from 5.5 to 7.5. It flows readily, is clear, and varies in color from pa, Though he drilled only three oil wells in his lifetime, Edwin Drake (1819-1880) is known as the "Father of the Petroleum Industry" because the techno, Citrine, Walter McLennan Citrine, 1st Baron, Citrus College: Distance Learning Programs, City College (Casselberry): Narrative Description, https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/citronella-0, https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/citronella. Citronella But you don't have to distill it to reap the bug repellent benefits. Both, citronella (Cymbopogon Nardus) & lemon grass (Cymbopogon Citratus) are cousins in nature. There are two other plants that also go by the common name citronella which belong to the lemongrass family. 2 Can you plant lemongrass and citronella together? The oil is present in small amounts in orange peel, but the main source is citronella grass, the common name for Cymbopogon nardus. Effects ofCymbopogon winterianusJowitt ex Bor essential oil on the growth and morphogenesis ofTrichophyton mentagrophytes / Fillipe de Oliveira PereiraI; Paulo Alves Wanderley; Fernando Antnio Cavalcanti VianaI; Rita Baltazar de Lima; Frederico Barbosa de Sousa; Scrates Golzio dos Santos; Edeltrudes de Oliveira Lima / Braz. Need a reference? In addition, it can be used to treat infection and the fever that goes along with it. Main constituents of the Ceylon oil is citronellal and citronellol. Larvicidal / Molluscicidal: Study evaluated the molluscicidal and larvicidal activities of essential oil of C. winterianus. Lemongrass is narrow, light green in color, with a pleasing lemon smell that creates a light-weight, sweet-tasting. What is the other name for citronella plant? This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Results showed antifungal activity. Culms are tufted, robust, up to 2 m tall. Cardiovascular Effects: Study showed the essential oil of C. winterianus induced hypotensive and vasorelaxant effects probably mediated through Ca-channel blocking. The main difference between lemon grass and citronella is that citronella has red or magenta base stems while lemon grass has green base stems. Citronellal has insect repellent properties, and research shows high repellent effectiveness against mosquitoes. The oil is present in small amounts in orange peel, but the main source is citronella grass, the common name for Cymbopogon nardus. Zhao wa xiang mao, Gen info The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Acaricidal: Study showed an acaricidal effects of contact formulations of essential oils when compared to commercial chemical products, and suggests further studies for an alternative for controlling cattle ticks. Evaluation of anti-mosquito properties of essential oils / Mohini Makhaik, Satya Narayan Naik, and Dhananjay Kumar Tewary / Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research, Feb 2005; Vol 64: pp 129-133 Results showed moderate larvicidal activity against the larvae of A. salina and can justify its use in the aquatic environment without affecting other living organisms. All rights reserved. Cultivated. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Your email address will not be published. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Ceylon oil contains lower concentrations of citronellal and citronellol and higher concentrations of isomethyleugenol compared to the Java-type citronella oil. / Silva MR, Ximenes RM, da Costa JG, Leal LK, de Lopes AA, Viana GS. What language is spoken in modern Europe? We've got you covered with our map collection. Studies J. Pharm. Common names Ceylon citronella, citronella, citronella grass, giant turpentine grass, nard grass, new citronella grass, reuse terpentyngras, citronelle, ceyloncitronell, citronellgras, citronela de Java, zacate limn Species Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle [ Poaceae] Feed categories Cereal and grass forages Forage plants Description Results suggest LEO has CNS activities, as hypnotic, sedative, and antinociceptive, which might involve a central GABAergic system. The . Antifungal activity of Cymbopogon winterianus jowitt ex bor against Candida albicans / Wylly Arajo de Oliveira *; Fillipe de Oliveira Pereira; Giliara Carol Diniz Gomes de Luna; Igara Oliveira Lima; Paulo Alves Wanderley; Rita Baltazar de Lima; Edeltrudes de Oliveira Lima / Braz. C. winterianus was named after Winter, who raised it as a separate species in the 19th century, subsequently introduced in Indonesia to become commercially known as Javanese citronella, eventually making it to India for commercial cultivation in 1959. source of Philippine Medicinal Plants with Chinese Names. Uses It makes delicious tea, adds a tasty flavor to many a dish. Citronella also loves humidity. - In Brazilian folk medicine, used for anxiolytic, analgesic and anticonvulsant properties. Anti-Candida activity of Brazilian medicinal plants / Maria Cristina Teixeira Duarte et al / Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Vol 97, Issue 2, 28 February 2005, Pages 305-311 / doi:10.1016/j.jep.2004.11.016 Sci., Jan-Mar 2011; 47(1)So Paulo/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1984-82502011000100018, DOI 7 Is lemon grass and citronella the same plant? Study evaluated the antifungal activity of C. winterianus essential oil against T. mentagrophytes using measures of mycelial growth, germination of spores, fungal viability, morphogenesis, cell wall and cell membrane leakage test. Check ourencyclopedia for a gloss on thousands of topics from biographies to the table of elements. Rosemary, catnip and marigolds are three easy-to-grow plants that naturally repel mosquitoes. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. Copying and pasting the information on the search window or using the DOI (if available) will often redirect to the new link page. in mice. Parts used citronella, common name for a grass, Cymbopogon nardus, the source of oil of citronella, used in perfumes and soaps and as an insect repellent. Sessile spikelets are elliptic-lanceolate; lower glume, flat or slightly concave, 2-keeled, 3-veined between keels. - Recently introduced. The species C. winterianus Jowitt is believed to have originated from Cymbopogon nardus, type Maha Pengiri, referred to as Ceylonese (Sri Lankan) commercial citronella. C. winterianus was named after Winter, who raised it as a separate species in the 19th century, subsequently introduced in Indonesia to become commercially known as Javanese citronella, eventually making it to . - No recorded folkloric use in the Philippines. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fVER39acwSg. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Cardiovascular effects induced by Cymbopogon winterianus essential oil in rats: involvement of calcium channels and vagal pathway / Igor Alexander Cortes de Menezes, Italo Jose Alves Moreira et al / Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Volume 62 Issue 2, Pages 215 - 221 / Published Online: 19 Mar 2010 / DOI 10.1211/jpp.62.02.0009 Medical Toxicology of Natural Substances: Foods, Fungi, Medicinal Herbs, Plants, and Venomous Animals / By Donald G. Barceloux / Google Books These species are used for the production of citronella oil, which is used in soaps, as an insect repellent (especially mosquitoes and houseflies) in insect sprays and candles, and in aromatherapy. (16). Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. CITRONELLA GRASS Does citronella, the insect repellent, come from citrus fruit? Citronella is classified in the division Magnoliophyta, class Liliopsida, order Cyperales, family Poaceae. / doi: 10.1007/s00210-010-0494-9 / PMID: 20237771 This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Both Ceylon- and Java-type citronella oils contain over 80 constituents, primarily monoterpene compounds and minor amounts of sesquiterpenes. They look similar and grow the same way, and are processed in the same manner too. Infoplease knows the value of having sources you can trust. The term citronella plant can refer to two different types of plants: citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus and Cymbopogon winterianus) and a scented geranium variously known as citrosa or mosquito plant (Pelargonium citrosum). It comes from the tropics where fever is a problem, and, this is a plant that got tapped long ago to bring fever down. Cymbopogon citratus grows best under sunny, warm and humid conditions at elevations below 750 m, with mean annual temperatures ranging from 23C to 30C and mean annual rainfall between 2500-3000 mm. (15) Some of the popular common names of the plants are Ceylon citronella, citronella, citronella grass, giant turpentine grass, nard grass, new citronella grass, reuse terpentyngras, citronelle, ceyloncitronell, citronellgras, citronela de Java, zacate limn, nardus, Geranium grass, Mana grass, Nardus grass, Tambookie grass and lemon grass. Our editors update and regularly refine this enormous body of information to bring you reliable information. Essential Oil / Anti-Candidal: Essential oils and ethanol extracts from the leaves and roots of 35 medicinal plants commonly used in Brazil were screened for anti-Candida activity. ra / kpr/ n. dried coconut kernels, from which oil is obtained. Citronella grass ( Cymbopogon nardus and Cymbopogon winterianus) grow to about 2 metres ( 612 feet) and have magenta-colored base stems. Sorting Cymbopogon names / Maintained by: Michel H. Porcher, / MULTILINGUAL MULTISCRIPT PLANT NAME DATABASE /Copyright 1995 - 2020, The University of Melbourne. Leaves, oil. Sources and Suggested Readings The plant is very sensitive to cold and could die with even one exposure. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Citronella is a perennial clumping grass which grows to a height of 5 6 feet. (12) CAS Number: 8000-29-1 ; 91771-61-8 FEMA Number: 2308 EINECS Number: 294-954-7 Product Code: E167 INCI Name: Cymbopogon Winterianus (Citronella) Herb Oil CAPACITY: 10 mL/ .33fl.oz PART USED: Leaves SYNONYMS: Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt ex Bor Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle COMMON NAMES: Citronella Java EXTRACTION METHOD: Steam Distilled Essential Oil NOTE CLASSIFICATION: Top Note This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. (8) Copyright 2022, Columbia University Press. Volatile constituents and behavioral change induced by Cymbopogon winterianus leaf essential oil in rodents / Essential oils are the fragrant oils that are present in many plants. Food Flavoring: Citronella oil also used as food flavoring agent, in beverages, baked goods, cereals, candies, dairy products, gelatins and puddings. Lemongrass and citronella are two closely related plants and have a very similar appearance and smell. Citronella grass grows best in full sun and is propagated by clump division. Citronella plants (or Pelargonium citrosum) are commonly thought to be the best at repelling mosquitos. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. In Europe, Java type citronella is Category 1 (not considered a safety concern at levels consumed), while Ceylon-type is a Category 3 (items with safety concern associated with the active ingredient), because of the presence of isomethyleugenol. (10) What are various methods available for deploying a Windows application? Brush up on your geography and finally learn what countries are in Eastern Europe with our maps. Citronella grass ( Cymbopogon) is an inedible relative of lemongrass that grows in tall, upright clumps resembling its edible relative. How does lemongrass and citronella differ? Can you plant lemongrass and citronella together? Acaricidal properties of the formulations based on essential oils from Cymbopogon winterianus and Syzygium aromaticum plants / Valria de Mello et al / Parasitology Research, September 2014 Common Name: Citronella plant Scientific Name: Pelargonium citrosum 'Van Leenii . The yellow ant gets its common name from the yellow coloring of its body. Safety concerns J. Microbiol. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Citronella oil is a steam distillation product of the fresh or partially dried leaves from citronella grass (C. nardus, producing "Ceylon-type" citronella oil) or Java citronella grass (C. winterianus Jowitt, producing "Java-type" citronella oil). Availability Botany Veterinary: Oil also a component of veterinary deterrent product for dogs seeking to mate. The plant, with bluish green, lemon-scented leaves, is cultivated in Java and Sri Lanka. Phytochemical analysis of essential oil yielded geraniol (40.06%), citronellal (27.44%)and citronellol (10.45%) as the main constituents. Anticonvulsant: Comparative study was done on the effect of EOs of Cymbopogon citratus and C. winterianus on three models of convulsions on male Swiss mice. Yellow ants are also referred to as citronella ants because of the citrus or lemon-like odor they give off when crushed. Aromatherapy: Also used in aromatherapy. Youre probably most familiar with citronella candles to repel mosquitoes, but the smell comes from a plant called Cymbopogon nardus, which gives off a distinct beach grass vibe. Male Swiss mice were subjected to formalin-, capsaicin-, and glutamate-induced orofacial nociception. The plant is the source of the popular citronella oil. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. (see constituents above) (10) The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The most commonly used species of citronella are Cymbopogon Nardus and Cymbopogon Winterianus; The first mentioned species has a less powerful odor than citronella and most of all it is used for the joint extraction of citronella oils, but not for the extraction of its own essence since it is also poor in that detail. Phythochemical screening and anticonvulsant activity of Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt (Poaceae) leaf essential oil in rodents / L.J. 2022 Sandbox Networks Inc. All rights reserved. (13) Not sure about the geography of the middle east? These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. (11) Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt. One of the best ways to repel mosquitoes is with plants. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. (5) - The citronella oil from steam distillation considered rubefacient, antispasmodic, diaphoretic, sedating, analgesic. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. The genus was formerly treated as belonging to the family Icacinaceae.. Few species have been cultivated. It does not store any personal data. Phytochemical analysis of leaf essential oil yielded a mixture of monoterpenes, as citronellal (36.19%), geraniol (32.82%), and citronellol (11.37%). The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. 22 | Poaceae | Cymbopogon This fragrant grass got its name from the French word meaning "lemon balm," due to its floral, citrus-like aroma. Antifungal Against Trichophyton mentagrophytes / Essential Oil: Trichophyton mentagrophytes is a causative fungal agent of dermatophytosis. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. 10(42), pp. The oil from lemongrass (or Cymbopogon) is used to create the perfumed oil which repels mosquitos. However, Lemongrass (or Cymbopogon) is superior. vol.42 no.2 So Paulo Apr./June 2011 / http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1517-83822011000200004 (14) However, the date of retrieval is often important. (15) 1 What is the other name for citronella plant? Constituents - Elsewhere, used for hypertension. . (4) CNS Behavioral Effect: Study in animal model characterized a psychopharmacological effect of leaf essential oil on the CNS. Quintans-Junior, T.T. Anti-Mosquito Property: Study evaluated essential oils from C. deodora, E. citriodora, C. flexuosus, Cymbopogon winterianus, P. roxburghii, S. aromaticum and T. minuta for bioactivity against adults of Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti. (8) The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Growing Citronella at a Glance. Though citronella grass may sometimes be called lemongrass, they are two different plants. Leaf sheaths are glabrous, reddish inside; leaf blades relatively thin, drooping 2/3 of their length, 40-80 cm tall, 1.5 to 2.5 cm wide, abaxial surface glaucous, adaxial surface light green, margins scabrid, base narrow, apex long acuminate. Known for its distinct smell, citronella grass (or lemon grass) is the most commonly used natural ingredient in mosquito repellants. Cymbopogon nardus, common name citronella grass, is a species of perennial aromatic plant from the family Poaceae, originating in tropical Asia.It is the source of an essential oil known as citronella oil, which is widely used for its natural insect-repelling properties.. C. nardus cannot be eaten because of its unpalatable nature, and is an invasive species that renders pastureland useless . Leaf Essential Oil Complexed in -Cyclodextrin / Orofacial Antinociceptive Effect: Study evaluated the orofacial antinociceptive effect of C. wintrianus essential oil (LEO) complexed in -cyclodextrin (LEO-CD) and the possible involvement of the CNS. Lemongrass and citronella grass are closely related and can look and smell very similar. Known for its distinct smell, citronella grass (or lemon grass) is the most commonly used natural ingredient in mosquito repellants. Distribution Steam distillation, a labor intensive process, is used to extract this potent oil in demand for its mosquito repelling properties. The grass has leaf blades that are narrow. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. (4) Keep humidity levels between 40 and 70 percent. Its the oil from the plant thats actually the repellent, according to the National Pesticide Information Center (NPIC). Learn about one of the world's oldest and most popular religions. Citronella aka Andreea is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cardiopteridaceae described as a genus in 1832. Phenotypic and RAPD diversity among Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt accessions in relation to Cymbopogon nardus Rendle / A K Shasany, R K Lal et al / Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, Vol 47, Number 5 / October, 2000 / DOI 10.1023/A:1008712604390 Pelargonium gets its name from the resemblance of the shape of the fruit to the beak of a stork, which is pelargos in Greek. Phytochemical analysis of EO yielded citronellal, 23.59%, geraniol, 18.81%, and citronellol, 11.74%. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. (6) The actual size/ages of plants are estimates and will vary based on; type of plant, time of year . It is native to tropical regions of South and Central America, insular Southeast Asia, Australia, and islands of the western Pacific. According to NYBG, not only can they keep away mosquitoes, but they also dissuade aphids, thrips, whiteflies, Mexican bean beetles, squash bugs, and tomato hornworms. Citronella is known to have many beneficial properties due to its major ingredients like citronellal, geraniol, and citronellol. Higher doses were noted to induce transient bradycardia and arrhythmias from cardiac muscarinic activation secondary to a vagal discharge. (3) These perennial clumping grasses Cymbopogon nardus and Cymbopogon winterianus grow to an astonishing size of 6 feet tall and 6 feet wide (2 m). Gen info The species C. winterianus Jowitt is believed to have originated from Cymbopogon nardus, type Maha Pengiri, referred to as Ceylonese (Sri Lankan) commercial citronella. PORTUGUESE: Citronela de Java (Brazil), Maha pengiri (Brazil). Citronella oil and neem oil nanomeulsion, separate and in combination were . copra Dried coconut meat used for production of coconut oil for margarine, Description 2015; 2015: 502454 / doi:10.1155/2015/502454 / PMID:26246838 (16) However, citronella grass has reddish colored pseudostems, while lemongrass is all green. Study suggests a potential antifungal product, especially for treatment of dermatophytosis. in mice, Volatile constituents and behavioral change induced by Cymbopogon winterianus leaf essential oil in rodents, Acaricidal properties of the formulations based on essential oils from Cymbopogon winterianus and Syzygium aromaticum plants, Molluscicidal and larvicidal activities and essential oil composition of Cymbopogon winterianus, Preparation, Characterization, and Pharmacological Activity of, Citing and Using a (DOI) Digital Object Identifier), Potential Herbal Medicines and Drug Interactions, List Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. Antifungal: Study investigated the activity of essential oil of Cymbopogon winterianus against C. albicans.

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