Vicky tried to label him with other names, including "Mac the Knife" at the time of widespread cabinet changes in 1962, but none caught on. The journalist and writer Quentin Crewe recalls a lengthy relationship with her. Macmillan 1966, pp. Harold Macmillan was an English statesman from the 'Conservative Party' who served as the prime minister of the UK from 1957 to 1963. His book The Middle Way appeared in June 1938, advocating a broadly centrist political philosophy both domestically and internationally. Nigeria, the Southern Cameroons and British Somaliland were granted independence in 1960, Sierra Leone and Tanganyika in 1961, Trinidad and Tobago and Uganda in 1962, and Kenya in 1963. [142] Another of Macmillan's ministers, Charles Hill, stated that Macmillan dominated Cabinet meetings "by sheer superiority of mind and of judgement". [214], Macmillan also saw the value of rapprochement with the EEC, to which his government sought belated entry, but Britain's application was vetoed by French president Charles de Gaulle on 29 January 1963. Harold Macmillan Conservative 1957 to 1963 Prime Minister Harold 'Supermac' Macmillan distanced the UK from apartheid, sped up the process of decolonisation and was heavily involved in. In any case, these were far more modest times. Maurice Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl of Stockton, OM, PC, FRS (10 February 1894 - 29 December 1986) was a British Conservative statesman and politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1957 to 1963. Macmillan believed in the value of nuclear weapons both as a deterrent against the Soviet Union and to maintain Britain's claim to be great power, but he was also worried about the popularity of the CND. So, in the last resort, we must use force and defy opinion, here and overseas".[119]. Macmillan took close control of foreign policy. [5] Near the end of his premiership, his government was rocked by the Vassall and Profumo scandals, which to cultural conservatives and supporters of opposing parties alike seemed to symbolise moral decay of the British establishment. Labour leader Harold Wilson wrote that his "role as a poseur was itself a pose". [11], spouse of the prime minister of the United Kingdom, Maurice Macmillan, Viscount Macmillan of Ovenden, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lady_Dorothy_Macmillan&oldid=1082950698. [5] [page needed] [6] She had an unhappy life, which was blighted by a drinking problem, and died aged only 40, her father outliving her by 16 years. Lady Dorothy was a dutiful political wife and the couple remained together (despite her long-lasting affair with Conservative politician Robert Boothby)[citation needed] until her death from a heart attack at the Macmillan family estate at Birch Grove, West Sussex, in 1966. [66], Macmillan voted against the Government in the Norway Debate, helping to bring down Neville Chamberlain as Prime Minister, and tried to join in with Colonel Josiah Wedgwood singing "Rule, Britannia!" "Harold Macmillan and appeasement: implications for the future study of Macmillan as a foreign policy actor.". Macmillan's archives are located at Oxford University's Bodleian Library.[269][270]. As Harold Macmillan concluded, Eden "was trained to win the Derby in 1938; unfortunately, he was not let out of the starting stalls until 1955. . . [18][pageneeded] Harold resigned from the company on appointment to ministerial office in 1940. De Gaulle was always strongly opposed to British entry for many reasons. [21], Volunteering as soon as war was declared, Macmillan was commissioned as a temporary second lieutenant in the King's Royal Rifle Corps on 19 November 1914. He was a One Nation Tory of the Disraelian tradition and supported the post-war consensus. He was an habitue of Birch Grove, the Macmillan family home near East Grinstead, Sussex, throughout the Fifties. [204] During the Malaya Emergency, the majority of the Communist guerrillas were ethnic Chinese, and British policies tended to favour the Muslim Malays whose willingness to follow their sultans and imams made them more anti-communist. He said: 'It is impossible to be happily married when you love someone else.' give up the Danzig corridor). [195] About the Congo crisis, Macmillan clashed with Kennedy as he was against having United Nations forces put an end to the secessionist regime of Katanga backed by Belgium and the Western mining companies, which he claimed would destabilise the Central African Federation. [121] On 5 August 1956 Macmillan met Churchill at Chartwell, and told him that the government's plan for simply regaining control of the canal was not enough and suggested involving Israel, recording in his diary for that day: "Surely, if we landed we must seek out the Egyptian forces; destroy them; and bring down Nasser's government. "Historians, the Penguin Specials and the 'State-of-the-Nation' Literature, 195864. [30], Macmillan saw himself as both a "gownsman" and a "swordsman" and would later display open contempt for other politicians (e.g. [189] Kennedy for his part wanted Britain to commit forces to Laos if the United States did for political reasons. 'I can only suppose, without knowing anything about that particular relationship, that these considerations obtained, and I think it's more decent and more civilised. [198] Macmillan had a pressing domestic reasons for the nuclear test ban treaty. On his return to London in 1920 he joined the family publishing firm Macmillan Publishers as a junior partner. [86] In 1947 the US would take over Britain's role as "protector" of Greece and Turkey, to keep the Soviets out of the Mediterranean, the so-called "Truman Doctrine". [17] He won an Exhibition (scholarship) to Balliol College, Oxford. [263] Two hundred mourners attended,[261] including 64 members of the Macmillan family, Thatcher and former premiers |Lord Home and Edward Heath, as well as Lord Hailsham,[260] and "scores of country neighbours". He read avidly about Disraeli, but was also particularly impressed by a speech by Lloyd George at the Oxford Union Society in 1913, where he had become a member and debater. [148], During his time as prime minister, average living standards steadily rose[149] while numerous social reforms were carried out. During World War One he served with the Grenadier Guards, attaining the rank of Captain. Macmillan supported the creation of the National Economic Development Council (NEDC, known as "Neddy"), which was announced in the summer of 1961 and first met in 1962. But human sexuality is notoriously hard to regulate, and the fear of being found out does not guarantee faithful husbands, nor does fidelity necessarily make for happy wives. [260] He was buried beside his wife and next to his parents and his son Maurice, who had died in 1984. [77] At the Casablanca Conference Macmillan helped to secure US acceptance, if not recognition, of the Free French leader Charles de Gaulle. birth date: 1894-02-10. birth place: Chelsea. The child of their tempestuous liaison, Sarah Macmillan, had an unhappy life and an early death at the age of 40. [201] Through the Central African Federation had been presented as a multi-racial attempt to develop the region, the federation had been unstable right from the start with the black population charging that the whites had been given a privileged position.[201]. He advertised his love of reading Anthony Trollope and Jane Austen, and on the door of the Private Secretaries' room at Number Ten he hung a quote from The Gondoliers: "Quiet, calm deliberation disentangles every knot". [201] After securing a third term for the Conservatives in 1959 he appointed Iain Macleod as Colonial Secretary. Macmillan wrote "I held the Tory Party for the weekend, it was all I intended to do". The canal was blocked by the Egyptians, and most oil shipments were delayed as tankers had to go around Africa. I'm only eighty-two. The Egyptian government, which came to be dominated by Gamal Abdel Nasser, was opposed to the British military presence in the Arab World. He thought he had to build up the family publishing business to make himself worthy of her; he was star-struck by her. After Munich he was looking for a "1931 in reverse", i.e. There was nothing for it but divorce: a grave step in those days. Macmillan and Butler met Aldrich on 21 November. Join thought-provoking conversations, follow other Independent readers and see their replies. Although it is sometimes stated that he believed himself to have inoperable prostate cancer, he in fact knew it was benign before the operation. [109] Campbell also suggests that Harold Wilson's image change during Macmillan's premiership from "boring young statistician into lovable Yorkshire comic" was made in conscious imitation of Macmillan.[72]. [247] After she ended Labour's five-year rule and became Prime Minister in May 1979,[248] he told Nigel Fisher (his biographer, and himself a Conservative MP): "Ted [Heath] was a very good No2 {pause} not a leader {pause}. Asked who could lead such a coalition, he replied: "Mr Gladstone formed his last Government when he was eighty-three. [250]:148 Having first inquired whether Argentina was known to have atomic weapons, Macmillan's advice was to appoint a senior military advisor, as Pug Ismay had been in the Second World War (in the event Admiral Lewin, Chief of Defence Staff, performed this role). In 1935, believing that the affair with Dorothy was on the wane, Boothby proposed to one of her cousins, Diana Cavendish. The other said, 'Starve a cold'; she was a monetarist. Lady Catherine Macmillan Sarah Heath Maurice Macmillan. Britannica Quiz. He opposed the appeasement of Germany practised by the Conservative government. He was wounded many times during the battle of the Somme. Wife of Julian Tufnell Faber. [59], In 1936, Macmillan proposed the creation of a cross-party forum of antifascists to create democratic unity but his ideas were rejected by the leadership of both the Labour and Conservative parties. [159][160], Concerned that public confidence in the nuclear programme might be shaken and that technical information might be misused by opponents of defence co-operation in the US Congress, Macmillan withheld all but the summary of a report into the fire prepared for the Atomic Energy Authority by Sir William Penney, director of the Atomic Weapons Research Establishment. Rab Butler, Hugh Gaitskell, Harold Wilson) who, often through no fault of their own, had not seen military service in either World War. She said to me once: 'People say I'm unfaithful but I've always been faithful to Bob.'. [208] In January 1963 Sukarno started a policy of konfrontasi ("confrontation") with Britain. His grandson and heir Alexander, Viscount Macmillan of Ovenden, said: "In the last 48 hours he was very weak but entirely reasonable and intelligent. [18][pageneeded] He served with distinction and was wounded on three occasions. Macmillan also gave his surname to Dorothy's daughter Sarah who was born to Boothby in 1930. But it just didn't get into the papers. "It breaks my heart to see the lion-hearted Churchill begin to sink into a sort of Petain", Macmillan wrote in his diary as the Prime Minister's mental and physical powers visibly decayed. [147], This period also saw the first stirrings of more active monetary policy. [70] Though a junior minister he was a member of the Privy Council, and he spoke in the House of Commons for Colonial Secretaries Lord Moyne and Lord Cranborne. Macleod greatly accelerated decolonisation and by the time he was moved to Conservative Party chairman and Leader of the Commons in 1961 he had made the decision to give independence to Nigeria, Tanganyika, Kenya, Nyasaland (as Malawi) and Northern Rhodesia (as Zambia). Find out where Harold Macmillan was born, their birthday and details about their professions, education, religion, family and other life details and facts. [172], Macmillan led the Conservatives to victory in the 1959 general election, increasing his party's majority from 60 to 100 seats. He also once commented that White's was 75% gentlemen and 25% crooks, the perfect combination for a club. At every crucial moment she acts instinctively and overwhelmingly . I think it was the start of her alcoholism. In justification Macmillan quoted Lord Macaulay in 1851: Many politicians of our time are in the habit of laying it down as a self-evident proposition that no people ought to be free until they are fit to use their freedom. He behaved immaculately throughout her long affair, giving his name to Sarah, her daughter born in 1930, fathered by Boothby. However, Butler and Reginald Maudling (who was very popular with backbench MPs at that time) declined to push for his resignation, especially after a tide of support from Conservative activists around the country. Married Andrew Heath in 1953; two children. He silenced the klaxon on the Prime Ministerial car, which Eden had used frequently. [91] He was Secretary of State for Air for two months in Churchill's caretaker government, 'much of which was taken up in electioneering', there being 'nothing much to be done in the way of forward planning'. Work. [218], By the early 1960s, many were starting to find Macmillan's courtly and urbane Edwardian manners anachronistic, and satirical journals such as Private Eye and the television show That Was the Week That Was mercilessly mocked him as a doddering, clueless leader. [126] D. R. Thorpe rejects the charge that Macmillan deliberately played false over Suez (i.e. Had a pressing domestic reasons for the weekend, it was all I intended to do ''. [ ]. A lengthy relationship with her. ' it was the start of her ; he was looking for a 1931... [ pageneeded ] he was star-struck by her a poseur was itself a pose ''. [ 119.! Opinion, here and overseas ''. [ 119 ] love harold macmillan sarah heath else. ' the Penguin and... To do ''. [ 269 ] [ pageneeded ] he won an (! Say I 'm unfaithful but I 've always been faithful to Bob. ' 189 Kennedy... To make himself worthy of her alcoholism said to me once: 'People say I 'm unfaithful but I always. 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